In Ukraine we recognize notional parts of speech and functional parts of speech. Notional parts of speech perform certain functions in the sentence whereas functional express relations between the words. Functional parts of speech never change their form.
| Notional Parts of Speech
| Functional parts of speech
|
| Noun - іменник
Verb - дієслово
Adjective - прикметник
Adverb - прислівник
Numeral - числівник
Pronoun -займенник
| Preposition - прийменник
Conjunction - сполучник
Particle -частка
Interjection - вигук
|
Noun - is a word or group of words that refers to a person, place, or thing. There are common nouns that refer to things and proper nouns that refer to names of places or people. E.g house, river, bridge … Verb - is a word or group of words in a language that serve to indicate the occurrence or performance of an action, the existence of a state or condition, etc. One can also distinguish such nonfinite forms of a verb as participle and adverbial participle]. E.g. to run,to dance,to be,to sing.... Adjective - is a word or group of words that impute a characteristic to a noun or pronoun.E.g. beautiful, orange, smart… Adverb - a word or group of words that serves to modify a whole sentence, a verb, another adverb, or an adjective.E.g. probably, easily, very, Numeral - a word or a group words that express a number. We can usually recognize cardinal numerals [кількісні числівники] which denote the quantity of objects,like, one, two, three,, collective numerals [збірні числівники] which signify that several persons or things are taken definitely and unitedly together, in the sense of — both, all three, all four, etc and ordinal numerals [порядкові числівники] which denote the serial order in which an object stands. Pronoun] - one of a class of words that serves to replace a noun phrase that has already been or is about to be mentioned in the sentence or context.E.g. he,she, her,our. Pronouns can be subdivided into 9 subgroups - Personal pronouns [особові займенники] as "he, she, I, you, we" - Possessive pronouns [присвійні займенники] as "your, my, ours, theirs, her, his";- Demonstrative pronouns [вказівні займенники] as "this, that"; and- Interrogative pronouns [питальні займенники] as "who, what, which, whose".- Reflexive pronouns [зворотні займенники] as "oneself [себя]";- Negative pronouns [негативні зайенники] as "nobody [никто], nothing [ничто]";- Indefinite pronouns [невизначені займенники] as "somebody [кто-то], something [что-то]";- Definitive pronouns [визначені (певні) займенники] as "every [каждый], any [любой]" and- Relative pronouns [відносні займенники]. Relative pronouns have exactly the same forms as the interrogative pronouns; however, they are used not to ask a question but to connect clauses. Thus in the sentence: " Хто прийшов " [Who has come?] the pronoun хто is interrogative, whereas in the sentence: "Я не знаю, хто прийшов " [I don't know who has come]хто is relative.
Preposition - a word or group of words used before a noun or pronoun to relate it grammatically or semantically to some other constituent of a sentence.E.g. on, in, about, with... Conjunction - any word or group of words, other than a relative pronoun, that connects words, phrases, or clauses.E.g. and, but, while... Particle a function word, esp (in certain languages) a word belonging to an uninflected class having suprasegmental or grammatical function E.g. not Interjection - a word or phrase that is characteristically used in syntactic isolation and that usually expresses sudden emotion; expletive E.g. Wow!, Oh!,
