The case category of the noun
Case – grammatical category which indicates the relation of the noun with other words in a sentence. There are cases two in English: Common and Possessive Case. Although, Common Case has not any inflexion, it has a very wide and general meaning. I am a professor. Did you send invitation to your friend? My classmates have stayed in Almaty for ten days. The Possessive Case shows possessions or source of two constructions. The Possessive Case is generally formed by adding ’s to the noun. · Singular possessive nouns: noun + apostrophe (’) + s a student a student`s mark a month a month’s absence a girl the girl’s dress · Plural possessive nouns: noun + s + apostrophe (’) students the students’ marks months the months’ absence girls the girls’ dresses Irregular plural nouns: noun + apostrophe (’) + s men men’s activity children children’s plays · Many phrases of time take the ’s form: a month’s pay three months’ vacation a week’s work season’s greeting · Certain idioms take the ’s form: our money’s worth, an arm’s length · Higher animals can take the ’s form: a dog’s life, the puppy’s cry, the horse’s mane, the cat’s meow · The noun following the ’s possessive can be omitted to make the meaning clear. Saulet’s course is harder than Saule’s. (Saule’s course) Pete’s dog is well trained, but Jack’s is not. (Jack’s dog) They bought their furniture at David’s. (David’s furniture store) · When the classes of some nouns end in - s,we use ’s, when it ends in -es we omit it: proper nouns: Socrates’ philosophy personal nouns: the boy’s shirt collective nouns: the team’s success nouns relating to human activity: the body’s ability geographical names: Kazakhstan’s history institutions: The government’s budget The organization’s member · The noun is followed by sake when the last syllable of a singular noun ends in s or ce: for goodness’ sake for conscience’ sake for justice’ sake · Usually s is used to the living things; of is used in the case of lifeless things: the man’s leg the mare’s back the back of a train the legs of a table · The use of double possessives ’s and of should be avoided: the absence of my brother’s father-in-law my brother’s father-in-law a symphony of Beethoven’s Beethoven’s symphony Units of measures are used to identify a specific quantity of uncountable nouns which usually describe the container. When uncountable nouns measured or classified, and they follow of. a piece of furniture / of advice / of coal / of sugar / of land/ of paper/ of information (news)/ of bread/ ofevidence /; a chunk of ice; a lump of coal a slice of / bacon/ bread meat/ lemon/ cake; a blade of wheat; a fit of passion a heap of / mistakes/ coal /people / money; a cup of chocolate/tea/coffee/milk; a grain of a blade wheat; a bundle of newspaper; an amount of leisure an item of information (news) ;bottle of milk/ yoghurt/mineral water; a bar of soup/ chocolate/ copper / candy; a yard of / ate /cloth/ satin/ wine a flock of birds/herds; a pile of plates/ logs/books; a tin of / peaches / sardines. EXERCISES FOR BETTER REMEMBERING THE TOPIC
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