Adverbs 7.1 Adverbs of manner

7.1 A Adverbs with and without '-ly': 'carefully', 'fast' [> LEG 7.7,7.13, Apps. 14,15.1]

1 An adverb adds to the meaning of a verb. Adverbs of manner tells us how something happens: How did John behave? - (He behaved) badly.

2 We form adverbs of manner by adding -ly to an adjective: slow/slowly. After a consonant, -y changes to -i: heavy/heavily. It was a slow train./The train went slowly. It was heavy rain./lt rained heavily.

3 We can use some words as adjectives or adverbs without adding -ly or -ily. It was a fast train. >The train went fast. Other examples are: better, best, early, hard, high, last, late, monthly, near, wide, worse.

Write: Supply the right adverb. Some adverbs end in -ly and some do not.

1 He's a bad driver. He drives badly. 2 She's a hard worker. She works... 3 He's a fast runner. He runs... 4 I'm a better player than you. I play... 5 This is an airmail letter. Send it... 6 He made a sudden move. He moved... 7 She gave a rude reply. She replied... 8 The train is early. It has arrived... 9 Make your best effort. Do your... 10 She's glad to help. She helps... 11 He's a quick thinker. He thinks... 12 She's an

eager helper. She helps … 13 My name is last. I come... 15 The plane is very high. It's flying … 16 Be careful. Act... 17 The bus was late. It came...18 She was brave. She acted... 19 The house was near. We went... 20 What a wide window! Open it... 21 I get a monthly bill. I pay...

 

7.1 B Two forms and different meanings: 'hard/hardly' (> LEG 7.14, App 15.2]

Some adverbs have two forms, one without -ly and one with -ly. These forms have different meanings and uses: e.g. hard/hardly, last/lastly, late/lately. He played hard He hardly played at all.

 

Write: Choose the right adverb in each sentence.

1 Farm workers have to work very hard during the harvest (hard/ hardly). 2 Farm workers earn... enough money to pay their bills, (hard/hardly). 3 I got off first in the race but managed to come... (last/lastly) 4 And... I'd like to thank all those who made my success possible, (last/lastly) 5 We've been receiving a lot of junk mail... (late/ lately) 6 The postman brings my mail so... I rarely see it before I go to work, (late/lately) 7 I'm sure the boss thinks very... of you. (high/highly). 8 If you want to succeed, you should aim... (high/ highly) 9 I don't think you were treated very... (just/justly) 10 I've... been offered a job in Mexico! (just/justly) 11 Please don't go too... the edge of the platform, (near/nearly) 12 I... fell off the edge of the platform! (near/nearly)

 

7.1C Adjectives which end in -ly: 'friendly' [> LEG 7.12]

Some adjectives end in –ly: cowardly, friendly, lively, lovely, motherly, sickly, silly. Meg's a friendly girl. John gave me a friendly handshake. If we want to use these words as adverbs we say in a friendly way/manner/fashion: Meg always greets me in a friendly way. (Not ‘greets me friendly/ friendlily’)

Write: Change the adjectives into adverbs or adverbial phrases in the following sentences.

1 That was a cowardly thing to do. You acted in a cowardly way. 2 That was a quick response. She responded... 3 The music was very loud. The band played far too... 4 That was a silly thing to do. You acted... 5 The orchestra gave a lively performance. They performed... 6 She's a slow runner. She runs... 7 The singers gave a bad performance. They performed... 8 She can't control her motherly feelings. Even though he's 40, she looks after him… 9 She's a lovely teacher. She handles young children... 10 She delivered a careful speech. She spoke... 11 He looks pale and sickly. He always greets me... 12 You don't have to be so unfriendly! You needn't look at me...

D Write: Put in the missing adjectives and adverbs. Add -ly or make other changes where you need to. beautiful, best (twice), careful, cheap, early, far, fast, full, hurried, important, last, new, past, quick, rapid, silly. A SPLASH OF COLOUR.

1 Last Thursday I had an2... interview for a job. I got up3... and dressed4.... I put on my5... jacket and trousers, to look my6.... I had to travel by train, so I walked to the station which isn't7... from my house. I was walking quite8... when I saw a man just ahead painting his fence with red paint. He didn't notice me as I walked9... Then he turned suddenly and splashed my10... trousers! He had acted 11... and he apologized, but the damage was done. There was a big store on the corner, so I decided to buy a new pair12.... I could change on the train. 13... found a nice pair, which I bought quite14... The shop was 15... so I paid. I16... grabbed my shopping-bag and left. On the train, I went to the toilet to change. I took off my stained trousers and threw them out of the window. Then I opened the bag to get my17... ones, but all I found was a pink woollen sweater!