The Heart

Part I

The entire circulatory system in any vertebrate is known to comprise the heart, the blood system of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins and the lymphatic system. The heart is ventral and comprises walls with slight or heavy muscular walls to receive blood from the veins and to pump it through the arteries. Inbirds and mammals the four-chambered heart has been found to consist of two parts; the right side is to pump blood only from the body to the lungs and the left side from the lungs to the body. The action of the heart appears to be under involuntary nervous control. Blood pours from the veins into the auricles. When the auricles are full they contract and force the blood into orificies which allow the blood to pass into the ventricles.

Vocabulary List

 

to comprise

to relax

to expose

vein

atrium

ventricle

chamber

excitement

wall

temple

wrist

valve

adult

involuntary

heavy

slight

Упр. 10. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы.

1) Из каких частей состоит сердце птиц и млекопитающих и каковы их функции?

2) Каким образом кровь попадает из предсердий в желудочки?

Упр. 11. Ответьте на вопросы.

1) What are the main parts of the circulatory system?

2) What side of the heart pumps blood from the body to the lungs?

3) How does blood get into the ventricles?

Упр. 12. Найдите в тексте и прочитайте предложения, содержащие:

1) оборот «именительный падеж с инфинитивом»;

2) оборот «объектный падеж с инфинитивом».

Упр. 13. Дополните предложения.

1)...system is known to comprise...

2)...heart has been found to consist...

3) Heart appears to be ventral...

Упр. 14. Прочтите и переведите текст «The Heart» Part I.

Home task.

1) Выучите теорию «Именительный падеж с инфинитивом», «Объектный падеж с инфинитивом» на стр. 130-136.

2) Выучите Vocabulary List.

3) Выполните письменн Упр. 15, 16 на стр. 12.

4) Прочитайте и переведите текст «The Heart» part II.

 

Упр. 15. Translate the sentences using a dictionary.

1) There are certain species which can be said to obtain all of their food from their host.

2) Anthrax was described in ancient literature and is thought to have been the fifth plague of Egypt, believed to have occurred about 1451 B.C.

3) The disease is considered to be spread by biting insects.

4) The intensive study of the nucleus and of its role in heredity can be said to characterize the work of our modern period.

5) The results showed this enzyme to be characterized by irregular distribution of the various types of aminoacids.

6) We assume the healthy protoplasm to be able to form a surface membrane after its injury.

7) There seems to be a close relationship between chlorophyll and haemoglobin of animal blood.

8) One aspect that appears to have been neglected is the effect of these algae on the physical properties of the soil.

Упр. 16. Translate into English.

1) Система циркуляции состоит из сердца, кровеносных сосудов и лимфатической системыю

2) Частота биения сердца увеличивается при физической или эмциональной нагрузке.

3) Известно, что сердце состоит из четырех камер.

4) Когда предсердия сокращаются, кровь переходит в желудочки.

The Heart

Part II

When the ventricles are full they contract while the auricles relaè and rest. This closes the mitral and tricuspid valves with audible thump and the blood is fored into the arteries. The ventricles relax and rest and the semilunar valves close. After a pause during which the heart muscle rests the whole operation is to be repeated. The short intervals while the chambers are filling are the only chance for the heart muscle to have rest throughout life.

We know the human heart in a quiet normal adult to contract or beat about 72 times per minute, the rate is increased by exercise, emotional excitement and some diseases. In some small birds and mammals the heart has been found to beat 200 to 400 times per minute. Blood is known to move from the heart in a series of spurts which in some exposed arteries such as in the wrist or temple may be felt as the «pulse».

UNIT 3 THE NERVOUS SYSTEM