| gerund
| infinitive
|
| in the active voice or not followed by an indirect object
| in thepassive voice or followed by an indirect object
|
| · The agency advises booking in advance.
· They don’t allow smoking here.
| · The agent advised us to book in advance.
· We were advised to book in advance.
· We were not allowed to smoke there.
· They don’t allow people to smoke here.
|
to imagine
| gerund
| infinitive
|
| general use
| as part of Complex Object with the verb ‘to be’
|
| I imagined her dancing with another boy and got very sad.
| I had imagined her to be older than she looked.
|
7. With the verbs and phrasal verbs given below only the gerund is used. It is important to remember not only these verbs and phrasal verbs but also the prepositions.
Preposition ‘of’
| to accuse of
| to complain of
| to think of
| not to like the idea of
|
| to approve of
| to consist of/in
| to be ignorant of
| to give up the idea of
|
| to be afraid of
| to hear of
| to dream of
| to be sure of
|
| to be aware of
| to learn of
| to be conscious of
| to be proud of
|
| to be capable of
| to suspect of
| to be tired of
| |
| to be incapable of
| to speak of
| to be fond of
| |
· Happiness consists largely of having good friends.
· Don’t turn up the volume. I am afraid of disturbing the neighbours.
· Have you ever thought of writing a book yourself?
· They suddenly became aware of people looking at them.
Preposition ‘for’
| to admire smb for
| to forgive smb for
| to praise smb for
|
| to apologize for
| to thank smb for
| to punish smb for
|
| to excuse smb for
| to blame smb for
| to sentence smb for
|
· Thank you very much for sending me the books and pictures.
· Tom was punished for going to the cemetery at night.
· Will she ever forgive her husband for being unfaithful to her?
Preposition ‘on’
| to count on
| to plan on
| to rely on
| to be keen on
|
| to decide on/against
| to insist on
| to congratulate on
| to be fond of
|
| to depend on
| to waste time on
| to spend time on
| |
· Can we rely on his coming on time?
· Dirk Stroeve insisted on Strickland’s painting in his studio.
· How can you waste so much time on chatting over the phone?
Preposition ‘to’
| to agree to
| to object to
| to be used to
| to get round to
|
| to look forward to
| to be accustomed to
| to get used to
| in addition to
|
· We look forward to hearing from you.
· The majority agreed to your joining the firm.
· Philip is used to walking all the way to work.
· Don’t be discouraged! Very soon you’ll get used to living in this heat.
· In addition to showing you these diagrams I’m going to pass over these handouts.
Preposition ‘in’
| to believe in
| to succeed in
| to result in
| to take pride in
|
| to be interested in
| to assist in
| to have (no) difficulty in
| to lose (no) time in
|
| to persist in
| to help in
| to take part in
| |
· Can you help me in handing out these papers?
· The boy had no difficulty in getting used to the new surroundings.
· Let’s not lose time in discussing this obvious issue.
· These politics resulted in many elderly and disabled people suffering hardship.
Note: There is a slight difference in meaning in the use of gerund and infinitive with the expression to be interested, though they are often interchanged by native speakers:
to be interested
| in + gerund
| infinitive
|
| · shows that one is interested in the idea of doing something;
· refers to something that has already happened or is happening;
· if you are interested in doing or having something, you want to do it or have it
| · shows that one is interested by what one learns or experiences;
· refers to something that will happen
|
| · The Labour party is now more interested in regulating rather than renationalising industry. – Лейбористская партия сейчас больше заинтересована в регулировании, а не в деприватизации промышленности. / Лейбористська партія зараз більш зацікавлена в регулюванні, а не в деприватизації промисловості
· Anyone who is interestedin working with or supporting the new concert hall should contact Evvy Edwards. - Все, кого интересует сотрудничество или спонсорство нового концертного зала, должны связаться с Эвви Эдвардсом. / Усі, кого цікавить співробітництво або спонсорство нового концертного залу, повинні зв'язатися з Евви Едвардсом.
· We were sure our partners would be interested in taking advantage of that offer. – Мы были уверены, что наши партнеры будут заинтересованы тем, чтобы воспользоваться преимуществом этого предложения. / Ми були впевнені, що наші партнери будуть зацікавлені тим, щоб скористатися перевагою цієї пропозиції.
| · Shareholders will be interested to hear the details of the new proposal of the Board of Directors. – Акционерам будет интересно услышать детали нового предложения совета директоров. / Акціонерам буде цікаво почути деталі нової пропозиції ради директорів.
· I thought you would be interested to see some of the questions raised by the members of the club at the annual meeting. – Я думал, вам будет интересно посмотреть на вопросы, поднятые членами клуба на ежегодном собрании. / Я думав, вам буде цікаво подивитися на питання, підняті членами клубу на щорічних зборах.
· Our readers may be interested to know what goes into producing each issue of our magazine. – Нашим читателям, возможно, будет интересно узнать, что включает в себя производство каждого номера нашего журнала. / Нашим читачам, можливо, буде цікаво довідатися, що містить у собі виробництво кожного номера нашого журналу.
|
Preposition ‘at’
| to be aimed at
| to be surprised at
| to be good at
|
| to be astonished at
| to be displeased at
| to be bad at
|
· Jack was astonished at seeing us so soon.
· My sister is good at looking after sick animals.
· Mr. Townsend was displeased at being asked to repeat everything he had already said.
· The City Council initiative was aimed at reducing road accidents.
Preposition ‘from’
| to prevent smb from doing smth
| to keep smb from doing smth
|
| to stop smb from doing smth
| to restrain oneself from doing something
|
| to refrain from (doing) something
| to excuse somebody from doing something
|
· Nothing would prevent him from speaking out against further justices.
· Your task is to keep her from leaving her bed before the doctor allows it.
· The rain didn't stop us from enjoying the trip.
· Can I be excused from swimming today? I have a cold.
· She could barely restrain herself from hitting him.
· Please refrain from smoking in this area.
8. In Modern English the expressions can’t help / couldn’t help in the meaning ‘не мог не / не могу не’ are usually followed by gerund, though but + bare infinitive is also used, e.g.
· I can’t help thinking he knows more than he has told us. = Я не могу не думать, что он знает больше, чем он нам сказал. / Я не можу не думати, що він знає більше, ніж він нам сказав.
· He can’t help being ugly. = Он не может не быть уродливым. / Він не може не бути виродливим.
· She couldn’t help but wonder what he was thinking. = Ее не могло не интересовать, о чем он думает. / Її не могло не цікавити, про що він думає.
9. The expressions ‘to be used to = иметь привычку, иметь обыкновение что-то делать’, ‘to get used to = to become used to = to get accustomed to smth =привыкать к чему-то, приобретать новую привычку’, is always followed by gerund, e.g.
· Typists are used to working in noisy rooms. = Машинистки привыкли работать в шумных помещениях. / Друкарки звикли працювати в гучних приміщеннях.
· You will soon get used to operating this machine. = Вы скоро привыкните управлять этой машиной. / Ви незабаром звикніте управляти цією машиною.
· Very soon Robinson became used to living without any people around. = Очень скоро Робинзон привык жить без людей. / Дуже скоро Робинзон звик жити без людей.
· She was a person accustomed to having eight hours’ sleep a night. = Она была человеком, который привык спать восемь часов каждую ночь. / Вона була людиною, що звикла спати вісім годин щоночі.
10. Do not confuse compound verbal aspect predicate ‘used to + infinitive’ and the expressions ‘to be used to’, to get used to’, to become used to + gerund. Compare:
| used to + infinitive
| to be used to, to get used to, to become used to + gerund
|
| is used to talk about an action that often happened in the past but does not happen now
| · to be used to doing smth = is used to talk about something that you are familiar with so that it no longer seems new or strange to you
· to get/to become used to doing smth = to get accustomed to doing smth
|
| когда-то, бывало, зачастую / колись, бувало, найчастіше
| · to be used to doing smth = иметь привычку, иметь обыкновение что-то делать; привыкать к чему-то, / мати звичку, мати звичай щось робити; звикати до чого,
· to get/to become used to doing smth = приобретать новую привычку / набувати нової звички
|
| · In London they used to wait in traffic jams for a long time. = В Лондоне они зачастую долго ждали в автомобильных пробках. / У Лондоні вони найчастіше довго чекали в автомобільних пробках.
· In his youth Monty used to play cards a lot. = В молодости Монти бывало часто играл в карты. / У молодості Монти бувало часто грав у карти.
· When I was a worker I used to criticize my bosses. Now that I am a boss, I criticize the trade unions. = Когда я был рабочим, я часто критиковал свое начальство. Теперь, когда я начальник, я критикую профсоюзы./ Коли я був робітником, я часто критикував своє начальство. Тепер, коли я начальник, я критикую профспілки.
| · In London they very soon got used to waiting in traffic jams for a long time. = В Лондоне они очень скоро привыкли подолгу ожидать в автомобильных пробках. / У Лондоні вони дуже скоро звикли подовгу очікувати в автомобільних пробках.
· Having nothing else to do, Monty got used to playing cards with his servant. = Не имея никакого другого занятия, Монти пристрастился играть в карты со своим слугой. / Не маючи ніякого іншого заняття, Монти пристрастився грати в карти зі своїм слугою.
· You can say what you like. I am used to being criticized. = Ты можешь говорить все, что хочешь. Я привык, чтобы меня критиковали. / Ти можеш говорити все, що хочеш. Я звик, щоб мене критикували.
|
