Double Object Structures

- CZ: impossible to passivise an indirect OBJ > one possible passive structure

- E: an indirect OBJ can be passivised after re-structuralisation > two possible passive structures, depending on the FSP

- John [Theme] has been awarded the 1st prize [Rheme] x the 1st prize [Theme] was awarded to John [Rheme]

A peculiar feature of passive constructions in English is their much more frequent use than in Ukrainian. This is accounted for a) the use of some English irregular verbs as regular: The office is run by Mr. Brown. The dog was walked by Ann; b) the use of any of the two direct objects as subjects of the sentence in the passive voice: Mother forgave Dora her drawbacks; Dora was forgiven her drawbacks... Dora's drawbacks were forgiven by her mother; c) the use of prepositional objects as subjects in the passive voice: He was taken care of, d) the use of the past participle as a nominal part of the predicate: He was seated, pen in hand, at the table... (Cronin). "Is he generally liked? (Bronte).

24. Elucidate approaches to Classification of sentences in eng and ukr.

The sentence is the immediate integral unit of speech built up words according to a definite syntactic pattern and distinguished by a contextually relevant communicative purpose.

From the point of view of their structure sentences can be divided into: two-membered (double-nucleus); one-membered (single-nucleus); complete; incomplete; simple; composite (compound, complex).