Многозначные и многофункциональные слова

 

Рекомендуемая литература:

~ Зражевская Т.А., Гуськова Т.И. Трудности перевода общественно-политического текста с английского языка на русский: Учеб. пособие для ин-тов и фак. иностр. яз. – 2-е изд., испр. и доп. – М.: Высш. шк., 1986. - с.105-114.

 

1. Каковы основные функции it, one, that?

2. Как следует подходить к переводу многозначных и многофункциональных слов в каждом конкретном случае?

 

Упражнение 1. Определите функцию it и переведите следующие предложения.

 

1. From the Tory Front Bench, Mr. P., formerly of the Foreign Office, asked if they could take it that the Government supported the U.S. action.

2. Britain naturally finds it difficult to make European commitments in an election year. But it is important to be aware of the implications of what is now afoot in Europe.

3. The Budget makes it more essential than ever to defend trade union rights.

4. Itis the strength of the peoples that can ensure a world without war, without arms, a world of our dreams.

5. Itis the demonstration of a new step towards mutual confidence which is essential if international tension is to relax.

6. It was the failure either to coordinate these Ministries successfully, or to present an intelligent picture of their activities to the electorate, which was the chief weakness of the previous Cabinet.

7. The share of imports in Britain's consumption of manufactured goods increased from 7 per cent to 13½ per cent over the ten years. It was this growth which alarmed the Government and business last year when the expansion of imports had a severe effect on the balance of payments.

8. It is not until June 5 that the Bill will be published.

 

Упражнение 2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значение и функции слова one.

1. Glasgow-born Macrea, who threw up teaching to become an actor at the age of 40, will be remembered as one of Scotland's outstanding theatre comics who used the vernacular with great effect.

2. In the light of this, all those concerned with world peace must realize that the Common Market is one of the means by which the cold war is intensified and the nuclear war danger increased.

3. When one hears such thoughtless declarations, one must realize that one has to face here a fundamental misconception.

4. Discretion is another necessary quality one finds highly developed in interpreters. They often participate in the most confidential and far-reaching discussions, and delegates must feel that they can speak freely.

5. The only items remaining on the agenda were the ones listed in the Journal for 16 February.

6. The task before the Eighteen Nation Disarmament Conference which has been meeting in Geneva since March is the momentous one of working out the terms of a treaty for general and complete disarmament.

7. The decision was not an easy one to make. The mechanics of maintaining an embargo presented obvious difficulties.

8. Of all candidates, the one who comes most closely to the people's interests is the one with the least apparent chance of winning the nomination.

 

Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие предложения, укажите в какой функции выступает слово that.

 

1. The unprecedented destructive power of modern means of warfare demands that the main actions of anti-war and peace-loving forces should be directed towards preventing war.

2. The peoples of the countries that have won state independence are working to abolish the grim aftermaths of colonial rule.

3. "We hope that this lobby will be as large as any that has ever taken place," said Mr. B. The lobby, he said, would be followed by a meeting at Central Hall, Westminster, with international leaders.

4. The democratic and peace forces today have no task more pressing than that of safeguarding humanity against a global thermonuclear disaster.

5. But for all that, England has always been part of Europe and her history is inseparable from that of the Continent.

6. A Foreign Ministry spokesman said today that the Turkish Government regarded the problem of Cyprus and that of Turks living in Greece and Greeks living in Istanbul as part of the same problem.

7. Stressing that the salaries were not as high as those paid "in certain sections of industry," Deputy Leader of the House said that the Power Minister had referred to the possibility of a review of salaries in other nationalized industries.

8. For the few that have ruled modern Japan the political struggle that really counted was that carried on among themselves for wealth and power.

 

Упражнение 4. Проанализируйте предложения и переведите их на русский язык.

 

1. Mr Curry had been about to launch forth into a long tirade on the subject of bears in general and the one living next door in particular, but he suddenly seemed to change his mind.

2. He picked the ball up in order to examine it more closely. He’d never actually seen one close to before and he hadn’t expected it to be s oval in shape.

3. To the Browns’ surprise she still had a label attached to her poncho. It was not unlike the one Paddington had first worn.

4. “I am sure you would have found today’s trip and the one to St Bonaventure tomorrow also, very fatiguing.”

5. “Which,’ she said, “Which one of them? That’s what one has got to know. Do you know what I am talking about?”

6. The question one hears most frequently about writers of the Gothic school is this little classic: “Why do they wrote about such dreadful things?”

7. …my eye was caught by some slight movement at the corner, and I glimpsed a figure. It seemed to be that of a boy, some twelve or thirteen years old, thin, with pale face above a dirty, collarless shirt.