Overall assessment of the knowledge 3 страница

203. Regularity of the rhythm on cardiogram is determined by the equality of intercyclic intervals:

1. P - Q

2. Q –T

3. S – T

4. P – P

5. R – R

204. Time intervals between the prongs of the same name of neighbouring cycles are called:

1. intervals;

2. segments;

3. amplitudes;

4. frequencies;

5. period.

205. Time of the excitation propagation in ventricles that is determined by the width of QRS complex is:

1. 0.06 – 0.1 sec;

2. 0.12 – 0.2 sec;

3. 0.7 – 0.9 sec;

4. 0.18 – 0.34 sec;

5. 0.9 – 1.2 sec.

206. Biopotential that is taken from the surface of a body in cardiography is measured in:

1. milliampere;

2. millivolt;

3. nanometer;

4. micrometer;

5. Farad.

207. Are in cardiogram:

1. prongs, segments, intervals;

2. segments, frequencies, prongs;

3. frequencies, intervals, frequencies;

4. membrane potential, interval;

5. intervals, frequencies, amplitudes.

208. The first standard lead corresponds to the placing of electrodes on:

1. right and left hands;

2. right hand and left leg;

3. left leg and left hand;

4. right leg and right hand;

5. right and left legs.

209. The second standard lead corresponds to the placing of electrodes on:

1. right and left hands;

2. right hand and left leg;

3. left leg and left hand;

4. right leg and right hand;

5. right and left legs.

210. The third standard lead corresponds to the placing of electrodes on:

1. right and left hands;

2. right hand and left leg;

3. left leg and left hand;

4. right leg and right hand;

5. right and left legs.

211. Ventricular complex on cardiogram includes prongs:

1. QRS

2. PRS

3. PQT

4. SRQ

5. SQR

212. Which of the intervals does have the longest duration (in sec):

1.PQ

2.QRS

3.RR

4. ST

5.QT

213. Heart biopotentials directly reflects the processes of excitation and conduction of impulses in:

1. myocardium

2. pericardium

3. neurolemma;

4. sarcolemma;

5. dendrite.

214. Registering and analysis of heart biopotentials is used in medicine in:

1. in diagnostical purposes at cardiovascular diseases;

2. in treatment methods at cardiovascular diseases;

3. in diagnostical purposes at neurological diseases;

4. in diagnostical methods for the determination of heart sizes;

5. in diagnostics of impedance of living tissue.

215. Electrocardiography is based on:

1. Einthoven theory that allows to evaluate the heart biopotentials;

2. Faraday theory;

3. Doppler phenomenon;

4. Peltier phenomenon;

5. Einstein theory.

216. ECG prongs are donoted in sequence:

1. P-Q-R-S-T-U;

2. U-P-R-S-T-Q;

3. U-Q-P-R-S-T;

4. P-Q-S-R-T-U;

5. P-Q-R-S-U-T.

217. At the pathological changes in heart is observed:

1. changing of the height and intervals of the ECG;

2. changing of the height of ECG prongs;

3. changing of the ECG intervals;

4. form of ECG doesn’t change;

5. absence of R-prong.

218. Standard bipolar leads for cardiograms registering were suggested by:

1. Goldman;

2. Einstein;

3. Poiseuille;

4. Einthoven;

5. Newton.

219. Sensors that under the influence of entering signal generate current or voltage:

1. active;

2. passive;

3. parametric;

4. strain gauges;

5. resistant.

220. Sensors in which under the influence of entering signal electric parameters are changed:

1. active;

2. passive;

3. parametric;

4. strain gauges;

5. resistant.

221. Parametric sensors:

1. photoelectric, piezoelectric;

2. capacitive, rheostat;

3. piezoelectric, photoelectric;

4. capacitive, photoelectric;

5. piezoelectric, rheostat.

222. Thermocouple is:

1. closed circuit of two different conductors or semiconductors;

2. closed circuit of two same conductors;

3. thermometer of resistance;

4. closed circuit of conductor and semiconductor;

5. closed circuit of two same semiconductors.

223. Input quantity of thermoelectric sensor:

1. pressure;

2. electromotive force;

3. resistance;

4. temperature;

5. potential.

224. Output quantity of thermistor:

1. temperature;

2. pressure;

3. resistance;

4. electric voltage;

5. electric current.

225. Devices that are based on dependence of substance resistance on temperature:

1. oscillograph;

2. thermoresistors;

3. thermistors;

4. electrodes;

5. piezo sensors.

226. Graduation of thermistor:

1. construct the graph of current dependence on temperature;

2. construct the graph of electromotive force dependence on temperature;

3. construct the graph of temperature coefficient dependence on resistance;

4. construct the graph of resistance dependence on temperature;

5. construct the graph of electrical resistivity dependence on temperature.

227. Thermistor is:

1. thin metal wire;

2. crystalline semiconductor;

3. ceramic element;

4. barometer;

5. piezo element.

228. If conduct the electric current through the juncture of semiconducting thermocouple then the juncture heats or cools. It is called:

1. Peltier effect;

2. Compton scattering;

3. photoelectrical effect;

4. piezoelectrical effect;

5. Doppler effect.

229. At graduating of thermistor the dependence of…on temperature is found:

1. current;

2. electromotive force;

3. induction;

4. resistance;

5. potential difference.

230. Transducer of electric quantities to non-electrical once:

1. sensors;

2. electrodes;

3. isolators;

4. semiconductors;

5. electrolytes.

231. Sensitivity of sensor:

1. Z=Dx/Dy

2. Z=y/x

3. Z=x/y

4. Z=Dy/Dx

5. Z=2x/y

232. Sensors the principle of work of which is based on the phenomenon of polarization of crystallic dielectrics at deformation:

1. rheostatic;

2. strain gauge;

3. inductive;

4. piezoelectrical;

5. active.

233. In crystalline dielectrics polarization can emerge at the absence of electric field at deformation:

1. piezoeffect;

2. Peltier effect;

3. thermoelectronic emission;

4. photoeffect;

5. Compton effect.

234. Phenomena that are used in vacuum photoelements:

1. internal photoeffect;

2. external photoeffect;

3. thermoelectronic emission;

4. photogalvanic element;

5. galvanization.

235. Electronic amplifiers are purposed for:

1. transformation of nonelectric input quantity to an electric signal;

2. transformation of alternating current to direct one;

3. increasing the electric signal;

4. increasing the frequency of alternating current;

5. increasing the circular frequency.

236. Graduation of thermocouple:

1. construct the graph of current dependence on temperature;

2. construct the graph of electromotive force dependence on temperature;

3. construct the graph of resistance dependence on temperature;

4. construct the graph of temperature coefficient dependence on resistance;

5. construct the graph of electrical resistivity dependence on temperature.

237. At the increasing of temperature the resistance of semiconductors:

1. decreases exponentially;

2. doesn’t change;

3. increases exponentially;

4. increases linearly;

5. decreases linearly.

238. Sensors in which the active resistance at their mechanical deformation changes:

1. rheostatic;

2. strain gauge;

3. inductive;

4. piezoelectrical;

5. active.

239. Parametric sensors are devices in which…changes:

1. current;

2. voltage;

3. R, L, C;

4. impedance;

5. temperature.

240. At increasing the temperature electrical resistance of metal conductors (U-voltage, I-current):

1. doesn’t change;

2. decreases;

3. increases;

4. is determined by formula R=U/I;

5. takes the maximal value 1 Ω.

241. Ultrasound sensor that allows to obtain the pictures of internal organs in ultrasound dignostics is:

1. thermal sensor;

2. piezosensor;

3. capacitance sensor;

4. optic sensor;

5. strain gauge.

242. Formula means:

1. frequency characteristic of an amplifier;

2. amplitude characteristic;

3. Boltzmann distribution;

4. amplifier coefficient;

5. current resonance.

243. Active (generator) sensors:

1. piezoelectrical, strain gauge type sensors;

2. piezoelectrical, photoelectrical;

3. capacitive, photoelectrical;

4. capacitive, rheostatic;

5. rheostatic, photoelectrical.

244. Conductors with special shape that connect a biological system with measuring circuit:

1. electrodes;

2. sensors;

3. capacitors;

4. amplifiers;

5. resistors.

245. Measuring device for the visual observing of functional dependence of quantities that were transformed to electric signal:

1. optical quantum generator;

2. oscillograph;

3. tomograph;

4. thermovisor;

5. electronic microscope.

246. Oscillograph is measuring device for:

1. visual observing or recording the functional dependence of two quantities;

2. transforming to electrical signal;

3. recording the functional dependence of two quantities; 6 вариантов

4. visual observing of one quantity changing;

5. recording of one quantity changing;

6. changing and observing the functional dependence of many quantities.

247. Influence of factors on thermoelectromotive force of a thermocouple:

1. properties of elements that are in thermoelement and temperature difference of junctures;

2. galvanometer sensitivity;

3. scheme of thermoelements connection;

4. thermal current;

5. scheme of galvanometer switching.

248. Resistance of a conductor depends on:

1. only its size;

2. only its shape;

3. only the material the conductor was made of;

4. only its length;

5. its cross section, length and material the conductor was made of.

249. Contact potential difference:

1. dU=IR

2. U=(kT/e) ln(n₁/n₂)

3. dU=TdS-PdV

4. U_{1, 2}=(U₁-U₂)=dU

5. U=I(R+r)

250. Methods of phonocardiography, rheography, sphygmography, electromanometry and ballistocardiography are:

1. electrical registering of nonelectrical quantities;

2. registering of biopotentials of different organs;

3. registering of electrical quantities;

4. registering of impulse tones;

5. registering of noises in heart.

251. Darsonvalization is:

1. influence on the skin and available mucosas with weak high-frequency discharge;

2. warm released at the passing of high-frequency current in tissues of organism;

3. influence on tissues with waves of centimeter diapason;

4. influence with alternating electric field;

5. influence on tissues of organism with high-frequency magnetic field.

252. Diathermy is:

1. influence on the skin and available mucosas with weak high-frequency discharge;

2. warm released at the passing of high-frequency current in tissues of organism;

3. influence on tissues with waves of centimeter diapason;

4. influence with alternating electric field;

5. influence on tissues of organism with high-frequency magnetic field.

253. UHF-therapy is:

1. influence on the skin and available mucosas with weak high-frequency discharge;

2. warm released at the passing of high-frequency current in tissues of organism;

3. influence on tissues with waves of centimeter diapason;

4. influence on tissues of organism with high-frequency alternating elecric field;

5. influence on tissues of organism with high-frequency magnetic field.

254. Frequency of oscillation used for UHF-therapy:

1. 30,2 MHz;

2. 20 kHz;

3. 1000 Hz;

4. 40,58 MHz;

5. 40 kHz;

255. Inductothermy:

1. influence on the skin and available mucosas with weak high-frequency discharge;

2. warm released at the passing of high-frequency current in tissues of organism;

3. influence on tissues with waves of centimeter diapason;

4. influence with alternating electric field;

5. influence on tissues of organism with high-frequency magnetic field.

256. UHF-therapy is the influence on organs and tissues with:

1. alternating electric field with frequency (30 mHz-300 mHz);

2. alternating electromagnetic field with frequency (30 mHz-100 mHz);

3. alternating magnetic field with frequency (30 mHz-100 mHz);

4. alternating current with frequency (30 mHz-100 mHz);

5. alternating magnetic field with frequency (30 mHz-300 mHz).

257. UHF-field in organism causes:

1. heat effect;

2. stimulating effect;

3. anaesthetic effect;

4. shock effect;

5. mild irritant effect.

258. Intensiveness of UHF-field:

1. increases with distancing from the source of the field;

2. doesn’t change with distancing from the source of the field;

3. decreases with distancing from the source of the field;

4. doesn’t depend on the distance from source of the field to measurement place;

5. depends on direction of distancing from field source; it increases with distancing to one side and decreases with distancing to opposite side.

259. At influence of UHF-field to an electrolyte and dielectric that are in the same conditions:

1. temperature of electrolyte increases faster than temperature of dielectric at this frequency;

2. temperature changes the same way in electrolyte and dielectric;

3. temperature doesn’t change in electrolyte and dielectric;

4. temperature of dielectric increases faster than temperature of electrolyte;

5. temperature of dielectric increases and in electrolyte it doesn’t change.

260. At UHF-therapy influences on a patient:

1. alternating electric field with high frequency;

2. alternating magnetic field with high frequency;

3. direct electric current;

4. alternating electric current;

5. alternating magnetic field with low frequency.

261. Formula of Формула количества теплоты, выделяемая в диэлектрике при воздействии УВЧ (где r - удельное сопротивление)

1.Q=E²/r;

2.Q=wE²etgd;

3.Q=wE²ee₀tgd;

4.Q=kI²RT;

5.Q= kU²/RT.

262. Heat released in electrolytes that are in electric field of UHF:

1. q = wE²tgd/ee₀

2. q=E²/p

3. q=pE²

4. q=wE²ee₀tgb

5. q=uE²

263. Formula for heat released in living tissue at the influence of UHF (where r-electrical resistivity):

1. Q = E²r;

2. Q = wE²ee0tgd;

3. Q = E²/r+w E²ee0tgd;

4. Q = kl²RT;

5. Q=kU/Rt.

264. Therapeutic contour in UHF-apparatus are purposed for:

1. amplification of biopotentials;

2. providing the electromagnetic oscillations;

3. generation of electromagnetic oscillations;

4. taking of potential difference between two point on body surface;

5. providing the safety of a patient.

265. Thomson formula:

1. ;

2. ;

3. ;

4. ;

5.

266. Capacitance of the plane condenser:

1.

2.

 

3.

 

4.

 

5.

 

267. Alternating capacitance condenser in therapeutic contour of UHF-apparatus are purposed for changing the:

1. oscillations frequency of anode oscillatory circuit;

2. amplitude frequency in anode oscillatory circuit;

3. natural oscillation frequency of therapeutic contour;

4. impedance of therapeutic contour;

5. intensiveness of anode current in oscillatory circuit.

268. Method of influence of ultra high frequency electric field on human organism:

1. SHF-frequency;

2. microwave therapy;

3. UHF-frequency;

4. general darsonvalization;

5. aeroinotherapy.

269. UHF-apparatus is:

1. enhancer of the signal with registering device;

2. push-pull vacuum tube oscillator with therapeutic contour;

3. rectifier of alternating current with electrodes;

4. therapeutic contour with patient’s electrodes;

5. triode vacuum tube oscillator.

270. Physical factors that effect on the organism tissues at UHF-therapy:

1. alternating magnetic field;

2. alternating electric field with high frequency;

3. direct electric field;

4. ultrasound;

5. X-ray radiation.

271. Method of the medicament introduction to an organism using the direct current without injection:

1. electrocoagulation;

2. electrophoresis;

3. electrostimulation;

4. inductothermy;

5. darsonvalization.

272. Method of influence of high-frequency magnetic field on human organism:

1. UHF-therapy;

2. SHF-therapy;

3. diathermy;

4. electrosurgery;

5. inductothermy.

273. Method of influence of continuous direct magnetic field on human organism:

1. magnitotherapy;

2. inductothermy;

3. diathermy;

4. electrophoresis;

5. galvanization.

274. Therapeutic method in which is used Joule heat released at the passing of high-frequency current along the tissues of an organism:

1. darsonvalization;

2. diathermy;

3. diathermocoagulation;

4. inductothermy;

5. aeroionotherapy.

275. At the influence of electric field of UHF on human organism:

1. ions polarization arises;

2. molecules ionization arises;

3. conduction currents arises;

4. displacement currents arises;

5. conduction and displacement currents arises.

276. Method of using the weak high-frequency electric charge that is formed between the body surface

and special electrode:

1. darsonvalization;

2. diathermy;

3. diathermocoagulation;

4. inductothermy;

5. aeroionotherapy.

277. At the passing of high-frequency current along the tissues of an oraganism Joule heat is released. It destroys tissues:

1. UHF-therapy;

2. SHF-therapy;

3. decometer-wave therapy;

4. electrosurgery;

5. inductothermy.

278. Treatment method at which action of low power direct current on tissues of organism is used:

1. darsonvalization;

2. electrostimulation;

3. faradization;

4. electrocoagulation;

5. galvanization.

279. Influence of short time current with high value on human heart:

1. franklinization;

2. defibrillation;

3. darsonvalization;

4. faradization;

5. galvanization.

280. Under the action of high-frequency electric field pereorientation of dipole molecules occurs in dielectric:

1. conduction current arises;

2. displacement current arises;

3. galvanization arises;

4. ionic diffusion arises;

5. electric dipole arises.

281. Physiological influence of UHF-field:

1. action of electric field on molecules and ions in tissues of organism;

2. transfer of impulse to molecules of tissues of an organism;

3. arising of impulse current in tissues of an organism;

4. transfer of electromagnetic field to tissues of an organism;

5. decreasing the ions concentration in human tissues.

282. Purpose of therapeutic contour in the UHF-apparatus:

1. providing the safety of medical staff;

2. providing the safety of a patient;

3. frequencies of therapeutic contour and apparatus are not coincided;

4. strengthening of action to a patient;

5. decreasing the current.

283. Methods based on primary action of direct current with low power on tissues of organism:

1. electrostimulation;

2. brush discharge;

3. galvanization and electrophoresis;

4. diathermy.

5. electric sleep.

284. Usage of galvanization:

1. for electrostimulation of tissues;

2. for heating of tissues;

3. for medicinal electrophoresis;

4. for studying the heat influence of current on tissues;

5. for studying the conductivity of electric current on tissues.

285. Haemodynamics:

1. motion of liquid in cylindrical tube;

2. circulation of liquid in a basin;

3. motion of blood in vascular system;

4. circulation of air in medium;

5. circulation of air in lungs.

286. Model that describes the time changes of pressure and volume velocity of blood flow was suggested by:

1. Poiseuille;

2. Einthoven;

3. Frank;

4. Huxley;

5. Goldman.

287. Section of biophysics that researches the motion of blood in vascular system:

1. haemodynamics;

2. hydrodynamics;

3. thermodynamics;

4. electrodynamics;

5. kinematics.

288. A fluid viscosity coefficient of which depends only on its nature and temperature:

A. Newtonian;

B. non-Newtonian;

C. ideal;

D. real;

E. viscous.

289. Newtonian fluid:

1. is liquid viscosity of which depends on velocity gradient;

2. is liquid viscosity of which depends on flow rate;

3. doesn’t obey to Newton equation;

4. is liquid viscosity of which does not depend on velocity gradient;

5. doesn’t obey to Einstein equation.

290. Newton equation for viscous fluid ( -viscosity coefficient):

1. F= (dv/dx)S;

2. F=ma;

3. F=kX²/2;

4. F=k(dx/dv)S;

5. F=k/S;

291. A fluid viscosity coefficient of which depends not only on substance nature and temperature but also on conditions of flow:

A. Newtonian;

B. non-Newtonian;

C. ideal;

D. real;

E. viscous.

292. Blood is non-Newtonian fluid:

1. because it flows through the vessels with high velocity;

2. because it contains complex structured formations of cells and proteins;

3. because its flow is laminar;

4. because its flow is turbulent;

5. because it flows through the vessels with low velocity.

293. Viscosity coefficient depends on nature of liquid, temperature and flow regime in:

1. Newtonian fluids;

2. non-Newtonian fluids;

3. suspensions;

4. polymers;

5. low molecular liquids.

294. Non-Newtonian fluids:

1. water, alcohol;

2. oil emulsion, blood;

3. air, alcohol;

4. alcohol, gas;

5. air.

295. Distribution of pressure in vascular system:

1. obeys to Planck law;

2. obeys to Franck law;

3. obeys to Einthoven law;

4. obeys to Bernoulli law;

5. obeys to Goldman law.

296. Law of conservation of energy applied to liquida flow (Bernoulli’s equation):

1. ∆2 m υ =const;

2. m υ ²/2+mgh=const;

3. pV/T=const;

4. ∑ [r m v ]=const;

5. p + gh+ v²/2=const.

297. Flow of liquid in cylindric tubes (vessels) describes Bernoulli’s equation. Equation for horizontal tube:

1. A=RTln n1\n2

2. A=RTln n2\n1

3. P1+ P2+ +Рgh

4. P+ const

 

5. P1+ gh1= P2+ gh2

298. Formula of average flow velocity of viscous liquid (blood) through cylindric vessels:

1. 8 l / r²

2.

3.

4. r⁴\8 * P₂ - P₁\l

5. r²* lv * r⁴

299. Continuity equation of jet:

1. h = E_i - E_k

2. V₁ S₁= V₂ S₂

3. VS= E_i - E_k

4. V₁ S₁= V₂ S₂ T₂ A₂

5. h = E_i + E_k

300. Interrelation between volume and linear velocities of blood flow:

1. Q=V / S

2. Q=VS

3. σ = A /S

4. σ = F /S

5. h = 2 σ/ R g

301. Part of vascular bed where the linear velocity of the blood flow is minimal:

1. aorta;

2. arteries;

3. arterioles;

4. capillaries;

5. veins.

302. Part of vascular bed that has great probability of turbulent flow emergence:

1. large;

2. small;

3. emergence of turbulence doesn’t depend on vessel diameter;

4. capillaries;

5. veins.

303. The flow of blood through the vessels is:

1. always laminar;

2. always turbulent;

3. predominantly laminar and only in some cases turbulent;

4. predominantly turbulent and only in some cases laminar;

5. depends on diameter of vessels and viscosity.

304. Reynolds number:

1. 8ηl / r²

2. 8ηl / r⁴

3. A /S

4. r⁴\8 ηl