Ecology of Microorganisms
Microorganisms in the natural environment. The microflora of the water, soil, air and environmental objects. The participation of microorganisms in circulation of nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus and iron in nature. Influence of physical and chemical environmental factors on microbes. Sterilization. The Microbiological control of sterilization. Sanitary indicative microorganisms. Sanitary and microbiological tests of soil, water and air. The value of sanitary and microbiological studies in hospital assessment in accordance with the National sanitary guidelines. Effects of chemicals on Microorganisms. The concept of disinfection, antisepsis, asepsis. The role of biological factors, such as bacteriophage, enzymes, serum, etc. The relationship of microbes in associations. Quorum sensing bacteria. The ability to form biofilm. The normal human microflora and its role in physiological and pathological processes. Dysbiosis and risk factors. The preparations for correction of normal microflora disorders (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics). Microbiological basis of chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis in infectious diseases. The concept of chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis. Characteristics of chemotherapy medications. The requirements to chemotherapeutic agents, the chemotherapeutic index. Antibiotics. Classification of antibiotics. Antibacterial, antiviral, antineoplastic and antifungal agents. Chemotherapy. The principles of rational antibiotic therapy. Side effects of antibiotic therapy. Drug resistance of bacteria, mechanisms of resistance. Multi-drug-resistance. Methods for detection of microbial sensitivity to antibiotics.
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