Anybody ◈ pen II S. [pɛn] pron. one, somebody, anybody ◇ WJ/376 ◈ Usually enclitic and mutated as ben II 13 страница

S

sad ◈ dem N. [dˈɛm] adj. sad, gloomy ◇ Ety/354 ◈ No language indication in the Etymologies, but Noldorin from context and phonological evidence ◈ † naer *S. [nˈɑɛr] (noer N.) adj. sad, lamentable ◇ Ety/375, X/OE ◈ * nûr III S. [nˈuːr] adj. sad ← Núrnen UT/458, RC/457 ◈ For an earlier discussion, see Klockzo, 4th volume, p. 160 §147: The meaning of Núrnen long remained highly hypothetical. The current definition is based on Christopher Tolkien's index to UT and on the unfinished index of names published in RC. The Gnomish Lexicon listed nur- (nauri) "growl, grumble", nurn "plaint, lament, a complaint" and nurna- "bewail, lament, complain of" (PE/11:61). Likewise, the Qenyaqetsa included a root NURU- with several derivatives with similar meanings (PE/12:68). See also Q. nurrula "mumbling" (from nurru- "murmur, grumble") in the final version of the poem The Last Ark (MC/222-23). Patrick Wynne therefore noted: S. * nûr in Núrnen "Sad Water" is apparently "sad" in the sense "bewailing, lamenting, complaining, grumbling", no doubt a reference to the general mood of the hapless laborers in "the great slave-worked fields" beside the lake. (See Lambengolmor/856-860)

safe ◈ band S., N. [bˈɑnd] (bann N.) n. duress, prison, custody, safe-keeping ◇ Ety/371, S/428, MR/350, X/ND1

saga ◈ narn S., N. [nˈɑrn] pl. nern S. [nˈɛrn] n. a tale or a saga, that is told in verse to be spoken and not sung ◇ Ety/374, WJ/313, MR/373, S/412

sail ◈ † revia- *S. [rˈɛvi.ɑ] (* rhevia- N.) inf. † revio *S. [rˈɛvi.ɔ] (rhevio (corr. rhenio) N.) v. 1. to fly, sail ○ 2. to wander ◇ Ety/382, X/RH

sailor ◈ * cirion S. [kˈiri.ɔn] n. m. shipman, sailor ← Cirion (name)

salve ◈ glaew N. [glˈɑɛw] n. salve ◇ Ety/369

sanctuary ◈ iaun N. [jˈɑun] n. holy place, fane, sanctuary ◇ Ety/400

sand ◈ lith S., N. [lˈiθ] n. ash, sand, dust ◇ Ety/369, S/434, TC/178

sapless ◈ tharn N. [θˈɑrn] adj. sapless, stiff, rigid, withered ◇ Ety/388

saving ◈ edraith S. [ˈɛdrɑjθ] n. saving ◇ LotR/II:IV, TI/175

say ◈ * ped- S. [pˈɛd] pa. t. * pent S. [pˈɛnt] v. to speak, to say ← pedo, arphent LotR/II:IV, TL/21:09 ◈ pedo S. [pˈɛdɔ] v. imp. of ped-, speak! say! ◇ LotR/II:IV, Letters/424

scion ◈ ion S. [jˈɔn] († iond *S., ionn N.) n. m. 1. son ○ 2. by ext., scion, male descendant ◇ Ety/400, MR/373, X/ND1, X/ND2 ◈ For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196

scorn ◈ eitha- S. [ˈɛjθɑ] v. 1. to prick with a sharp point, to stab ○ 2. by ext., to treat with scorn, insult ◇ WJ/365 ◈ iaew N. [jˈɑɛw] n. mocking, scorn ◇ Ety/400

scratch ◈ † rhib- II *S. [ɹ̥ib-] (* thrib- N.) inf. † rhibi *S. [ɹ̥ˈibi] (thribi N.) v. to scratch ◇ Ety/387, X/RH

screen ◈ esgal S. [ˈɛsgɑl] n. veil, screen, cover that hides ◇ S/431 ◈ haltha- N. [hˈɑlθɑ] v. to screen ◇ Ety/386 ◈ * orthel- N. [ˈɔrθɛl] inf. ortheli N. [ˈɔrθɛli] v. to roof, screen above ◇ Ety/391

sea ◈ aear S. [ˈɑɛ.ɑr] n. Geog. sea ◈ Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaear ◈ aearon S. [ˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] n. augm. of aear, Geog. great sea, ocean ◈ Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaearon ◈ aer I S. [ˈɑɛr] n. Geog. sea ◈ Tolkien changed this word several times, see aear, gaear ◈ gaear S. [gˈɑɛ.ɑr] (oear N.) n. Geog. sea ◇ Ety/349, PM/363, RGEO/73 ◈ gaearon S. [gˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] (gaeron S.) n. augm. of gaear, Geog. great sea, ocean ◇ PM/363, PM/348, RGEO/72-73 ◈ gaer III S. [gˈɑɛr] (oer N.) n. Geog. sea ◇ Ety/349, S/431, PM/363

seashell ◈ half N. [hˈɑlv] n. seashell ◇ Ety/389

season ◈ echuir S. [ˈɛxujr] n. Cal. a season, the beginning of spring ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31 ◈ ethuil S. [ˈɛθujl] n. Cal. season of spring ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31 ◈ firith S. [fˈiriθ] n. Cal. season of fading ◇ LotR/D ◈ iavas S. [jˈɑvɑs] n. abst. of iau I, Cal. season of autumn ◇LotR/D ◈ laer I S. [lˈɑɛr] n. Cal. season of summer ◇ LotR/D ◈ † lasbelin *S. [lˈɑsbɛlin] (lhasbelin N.) n. Cal. season of autumn ◇ Ety/366-367, X/LH ◈ rhîw S. [ɹ̥ˈiːw] n. Cal. winter season ◇ LotR/D

seaweed ◈ † gaeruil *S. [gˈɑɛrujl] (oeruil N.) n. Bot. seaweed ← gaer PM/363, Ety/396 ◈ uil N. [ˈujl] n. Bot. seaweed ◇ Ety/396

second ◈ edwen S. [ˈɛdwɛn] adj. num. ord. second ◇ SD/129-31 ◈ ∗ tadeg S. [tˈɑdɛg] adj. num. ord. second ◇ VT/42:10 ◈ tadui S. [tˈɑduj] adj. num. ord. second ◇ VT/42:25 ◈ taid S. [tˈɑjd] adj. second (in the sense of supporting, second in command) ◇ VT/42:25

secret ◈ thurin N. [θˈurin] adj. secret, hidden ◇ LB/304, Ety/394

see ◈ * cen- N. [kˈɛn] v. to see ← cenedril TI/184 ◈ * tíra- S. [tˈiːrɑ] v. to see ← tírad SD/129-31 ◈ tírad S. [tˈiːrɑd] ger. of tíra-, to see, for the seing ◇ SD/129-31

seed ◈ cordof S. [kˈɔrdɔv] n. Bot. pippin (seed of certain fruits, or more probably small red apple) ◇ SD/129-31 ◈ eredh N. [ˈɛrɛð] n. Bot. seed, germ ◇ Ety/356

seeing ◈ * cened N. [kˈɛnɛd] ger. of cen-, seeing, sight ← cenedril TI/184

seem ◈ * thia- N. [θˈi.ɑ] inf. thio N. [θˈi.ɔ] v. to appear, seem ◇ Ety/392

seing ◈ tírad S. [tˈiːrɑd] ger. of tíra-, to see, for the seing ◇ SD/129-31

sensible ◈ noen N. [nˈɔɛn] adj. wise, sensible ◇ VT/46:9

separate ◈ said S. [sˈɑjd] adj. private, separate, not common, excluded ◇ VT/42:20

september ◈ ivanneth S. [ivˈɑnnɛθ] n. Cal. september (month) ◇ LotR/D

serpent ◈ lhûg S., N. [ɬˈuːg] n. Zool. snake, serpent ◇ Ety/370, S/434 ◈ † limlug *S. [lˈimlug] (lhimlug N.) n. fish-dragon, sea-serpent ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

serve ◈ * buia- N. [bˈuj.ɑ] inf. buio N. [bˈuj.ɔ] v. to serve, to hold allegiance to ◇ Ety/353

set ◈ * penia- N. [pˈɛni.ɑ] inf. penio N. [pˈɛni.ɔ] v. to fix, to set ◇ Ety/380

seven ◈ odog S., N. [ˈɔdɔg] (odo S.) adj. num. card. seven ◇ Ety/379, VT/42:25, VT/47:42, VT/48:6, PE/17:95

seventh ◈ ochui S. [ˈɔxuj] adj. num. ord. seventh ◇ VT/47:42 ◈ odothui S. [ˈɔdɔθuj] adj. num. ord. seventh ◇ TI/312, WR/436, VT/42:25 ◈ othui S. [ˈɔθuj] adj. num. ord. seventh ◇ VT/42:10,25

shade ◈ gwath S., N. [gwˈɑθ] n. 1. shade, shadow, dim light ○ 2. stain ◇ Ety/397, S/432 ◈ † lum *S. [lˈum] (lhum N.) n. shade ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

shadow ◈ dae S., N. [dˈɑɛ] n. shadow ◇ Ety/354, S/430 ◈ dúath S., N. [dˈuːɑθ] (dúwath N.) n. coll. of dû;, 1. darkness, shadow ○ 2. nightshade ◇ Ety/354, S/430 ◈ * guruthos S. [gˈuruθɔs] n. the shadow of death, death-horror ← di-nguruthos LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278 ◈ gwath S., N. [gwˈɑθ] n. 1. shade, shadow, dim light ○ 2. stain ◇ Ety/397, S/432 ◈ * morchant S. [mˈɔrxɑnt] pl. morchaint S. [mˈɔrxɑjnt] n. shadow (of objects, cast by light), dark shape ◇ S/432, VT/42:9

shadowed ◈ hall II N. [hˈɑll] adj. veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady ◇ Ety/386

shadowy ◈ gwathren S. [gwˈɑθrɛn] pl. gwethrin S. [gwˈɛθrin] adj. shadowy, dim ← Ered Wethrin S/432, VT/42:9 ◈ * gwathui S. [gwˈɑθuj] adj. shadowy ← Gwathuirim PM/330

shady ◈ hall II N. [hˈɑll] adj. veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady ◇ Ety/386 ◈ † lumren *S. [lˈumrɛn] (lhumren N.) adj. shady ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

shape ◈ auth II S. [ˈɑuθ] n. a dim shape, spectral or vague apparition ◇ VT/42:9 ◈ cant N. [kˈɑnt] pl. * caint S. [kˈɑjnt] n. outline, shape ← morchaint S/432, Ety/362, VT/42:28

shaped ◈ † cadu *S. [kˈɑdu] (cadw N.) adj. shaped, formed ◇ Ety/362-363, X/W

shapely ◈ cadwor N. [kˈɑdwr̩] (cadwar N.) adj. shapely ◇ Ety/363 ◈ maed I S. [mˈɑɛd] adj. shapely ◇ PM/366, VT/41:10

shaping ◈ * cannas N. [kˈɑnnɑs] n. abst. of cant, shaping ← Dorgannas WJ/192, WJ/206

sharp ◈ † laeg I *S. [lˈɑɛg] (lhaeg N., lhoeg N.) adj. keen, sharp, acute ◇ Ety/367, VT/45:25, X/OE, X/LH ◈ maeg S. [mˈɑɛg] adj. sharp, piercing, penetrating, going deep in something ◇ S/434, WJ/337 ◈ * megor S. [mˈɛgr̩] adj. sharp-pointed ← *megr WJ/337

shaven ◈ paran S. [pˈɑrɑn] adj. smooth, shaven (often applied to hills without trees) ← Dol Baran RC/433

she ◈ he N. [hɛ] (hen N., hene N.) pl. hîn N. [hiːn] pron. 3rd f. she ◇ Ety/385

shield ◈ amath N. [ˈɑmɑθ] (ambath N.) n. Mil. shield ◇ VT/45:33 ◈ * thand I S. [θˈɑnd] n. Mil. shield ← thangail UT/281-282 ◈ thangail S. [θˈɑŋgɑjl] n. Mil. shield-fence, a battle formation of the Dúnedain ◇ UT/281-282

shine ◈ síla- N. [sˈiːlɑ] v. to shine white

ship ◈ cair S. [kˈɑjr] (ceir N.) n. ship ◇ Ety/365, LotR/A(iv), X/EI

shipbuilder ◈ círdan S. [kˈirdɑn] (cirdan N., ceirdan N.) n. shipbuilder, shipwright ◇ Ety/365, Ety/390, LotR/VI:IX, RC/28

shipman ◈ * cirion S. [kˈiri.ɔn] n. m. shipman, sailor ← Cirion (name)

shipwright ◈ círdan S. [kˈirdɑn] (cirdan N., ceirdan N.) n. shipbuilder, shipwright ◇ Ety/365, Ety/390, LotR/VI:IX, RC/28

shire ◈ * trann S. [trˈɑnn] n. shire, administrative district, division of a realm ← i-Drann SD/129-31 ◈ * trannail S. [trˈɑnnɑjl] adj. of the Shire ← genediad Drannail SD/129-31

shoe ◈ habad N. [hˈɑbɑd] pl. † hebaid *S. [hˈɛbɑjd] (hebeid N.) n. shoe ◇ Ety/386, VT/Errata, X/EI ◈ The meaning "shore" in Ety/386 should actually read "shoe", see VT/Errata and Lambengolmor/735. Compare also with Early Qenya hyapa (PE/13:41) and Gnomish habin (PE/11:47), both glossed as "shoe"

shore ◈ esgar N. [ˈɛsgɑr] n. Geog. shore ◇ VT/46:14 ◈ falas S., N. [fˈɑlɑs] pl. † felais *S. [fˈɛlɑjs] (feles N.) n. 1. Geog. beach, wave-beaten shore, line of surf ○ 2. Geog. as a proper noun, the western coast of Beleriand ◇ Ety/381, S/431, RC/18, X/EI ◈ falathren S., N. [fɑlˈɑθrɛn] n. and adj. 1. of the shore ○ 2. Ling. as a noun, Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech) ◇ Ety/381, PM/32, PM/55 ◈ faur N. [fˈɑur] n. Geog. beach, shore ◇ VT/46:15

short ◈ estent S. [ˈɛstɛnt] adj. (very?) short ◇ UT/146, WJ/311, WJ/315 ◈ The slash sign in minlamad thent/estent might indicate either variant forms of an adjective, or a sequence of two short verse units, possibly of alliterating half-lines, see Tolkien's Legendarium p. 122 ◈ then S. [θˈɛn] adj. short ◇ VT/42:29 ◈ thent S., N. [θˈɛnt] adj. short ◇ Ety/388, UT/146, WJ/311, WJ/315

shortness ◈ thinnas N. [θˈinnɑs] n. abst. of thent, Ling. lit. "shortness" (name of a mark indicating short quality of vowel) ◇ Ety/388

shout ◈ can- S. [kˈɑn] v. to cry out, shout, call ◇ PM/361-362

shouting ◈ glam S. [glˈɑm] (glamm S., N., glamb S., N.) n. 1. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise ○ 2. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts ○ 3. Pop. by ext., as a coll. noun, any body of Orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/377, WJ/390, WJ/416

shudder ◈ * gir- N. [gˈir] inf. giri N. [gˈiri] v. to shudder ◇ Ety/358

shuddering ◈ girith S., N. [gˈiriθ] n. shuddering, horror ◇ Ety/358, S/431

sick ◈ caeleb N. [kˈɑɛlɛb] adj. bedridden, sick ◇ Ety/363 ◈ † lhaew II *S. [ɬˈɑɛw] (thlaew N., thloew N., flaew N.) adj. sickly, sick, ill ◇ Ety/386, X/OE, X/LH

sickle ◈ cerch N. [kˈɛrx] n. sickle ◇ Ety/365

sickly ◈ gem N. [gˈɛm] (gemb N.) adj. sickly ◇ Ety/358 ◈ † lhaew II *S. [ɬˈɑɛw] (thlaew N., thloew N., flaew N.) adj. sickly, sick, ill ◇ Ety/386, X/OE, X/LH

sickness ◈ cael N. [kˈɑɛl] n. lying in bed, sickness ◇ Ety/363 ◈ † lhîw *S. [ɬˈiːw] (fliw N., thliw N.) n. sickness ◇ Ety/386, X/LH ◈ paw N. [pˈɑw] n. sickness ◇ Ety/366

side ◈ forvo S. [fˈɔrvɔ] n. 1. right hand ○ 2. by ext., right side ◇ VT/47:6 ◈ harvo S. [hˈɑrvɔ] n. 1. left hand ○ 2. by ext., left side ◇ VT/47:6 ◈ nef S. [nɛv] prep. on this side of ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72

sight ◈ * cened N. [kˈɛnɛd] ger. of cen-, seeing, sight ← cenedril TI/184

sign ◈ andaith S. [ˈɑndɑjθ] (andeith N.) n. Ling. long-mark, sign used in writing alphabetic tengwar over a vowel, to indicate that it is lengthened. ◇ LotR/E, Ety/391, X/EI ◈ gammas N. [gˈɑmmɑs] n. abst. of gamp, Ling. s-sign (special sign used to mark a final -s in Tengwar) ◇ VT/45:14 ◈ gasdil N. [gˈɑsdil̡] n. Ling. "stopgap", name of a diacritic sign used to indicate that g had been lenited to zero ◇ Ety/354, Ety/357 ◈ * taen III S. [tˈɑɛn] n. sign ← Taengyl, Tengyl MR/385 ◈ têw S. [tˈɛːw] pl. tîw S., N. [tˈiːw] n. Ling. letter, written sign ◇ Ety/391, WJ/396, LotR/II:IV, LotR/E, Letters/427

silence ◈ dîn I S. [dˈiːn] n. silence ◇ S/430, LB/354 ◈ Adjectival use seems to be attested in several place names (Amon Dín "Silent Hill", etc.), though an adjective dínen I is also attested (Rath Dínen "Silent Street"). When compared with other toponyms where lenition does occur (Taur-na-Chardhîn "Forest of the Southern Silence" in WJ/185,193 and Dor Dhínen in WJ/333,338), the forms dîn and dínen clearly seem to be unmutated. Absence of lenition in these examples from LotR was therefore tentatively explained by resistance to mutation (as in Nan Tathren, Ered Mithrin). However, Tolkien apparently changed his mind in his unfinished index of names from LotR, where he explains both words as mutated adjectives whose unlenited forms are respectively tîn II and tínen. Such hesitations between mutated and unmutated forms is not unusual, for instance a similar issue is met with gaear and aear. Of course, Taur-na-Chardhîn and Dor Dhínen would hardly be explainable in that alternate scenario

silent ◈ dínen I S. [dˈiːnɛn] adj. silent ◇ S/430, WJ/194 ◈ See also dîn I for a discussion regarding this word ◈ tîn II S. [tˈiːn] adj. silent, quiet ◇ RC/551 ◈ See also dîn I for a discussion regarding this word ◈ tínen S. [tˈiːnɛn] adj. silent ◇ RC/551 ◈ See also dîn I for a discussion regarding this word

silmaril ◈ golovir N. [gˈɔlɔvir] (golodhvir N.) n. Theo. Silmaril ◇ Ety/373 ◈ mirion N. [mˈiri.ɔn] pl. miruin N. [mˈirujn] n. augm. of mîr, Theo. great jewel, Silmaril ◇ Ety/373 ◈ silevril N. [silɛvril̡] n. Theo. Silmaril ◇ Ety/373

silver ◈ celeb S., N. [kˈɛlɛb] n. silver ◇ Ety/367, S/429, LotR/E, Letters/426 ◈ celebren N. [kɛlˈɛbrɛn] pl. celebrin S. [kɛlˈɛbrin] adj. like silver (in hue or worth) ◇ Ety/367, S/429, VT/45:25 ◈ celevon N. [kˈɛlɛvn̩] (celefn N.) adj. of silver ◇ Ety/367 ◈ ithildin S. [iθˈil̡din] n. a silver-colored substance, which mirrors only starlight and moonlight ◇ LotR/II:IV ◈ mithril S. [mˈiθril̡] n. true-silver, a silver-like metal ◇ LotR

simbelmynë; ◈ uilos S. [ˈujlɔs] n. and adj. 1. always white, ever white as snow ○ 2. Bot. as a noun, a small white everlasting flower also called simbelmynë or "evermind" ◇ RGEO/74, Letters/278, UT/55

sin ◈ * úgarth S. [ˈuːgɑrθ] pl. úgerth S. [ˈuːgɛrθ] n. bad deed, sin, trespass ◇ VT/44:21,28

sinew ◈ tû; N. [tˈuː] n. muscle, sinew, vigour, physical strength ◇ Ety/394

sing ◈ glir- N. [glˈir] inf. gliri N. [glˈiri] v. to sing, trill, to recite a poem ◇ Ety/359, Ety/369, VT/45:15 ◈ The form glin in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/45:15 ◈ * linna- S. [lˈinnɑ] v. to sing ← linnathon LotR/II:I ◈ linnathon S. [lˈinnɑθɔn] v. fut. 1st of linna-, I will sing, I will chant ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72 ◈ linnon S. [lˈinnɔn] v. pres. 1st of linna-, I sing ◇ LB/354 ◈ * liria- N. [lˈiri.ɑ] inf. lirio N. [lˈiri.ɔ] v. to sing ◇ VT/45:28

single ◈ er S. [ɛr] adj. single ◇ VT/48:6 ◈ erui S. [ˈɛruj] adj. 1. single, alone ○ 2. by ext., first (incorrect use by the Gondorians) ◇ TI/312, WR/436, VT/42:10 ◈ The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui ◈ † minai *S. [mˈinɑj] (minei N.) adj. single, distinct, unique ◇Ety/373, X/EI

sister ◈ gwathel N. [gwˈɑθɛl̡] pl. gwethil N. [gwˈɛθil̡] n. f. sister, associate ◇ Ety/392 ◈ muinthel N. [mˈujnθɛl̡] pl. muinthil N. [mˈujnθil̡] n. f. sister ◇ Ety/392 ◈ neth II S. [nˈɛθ] n. f. 1. hypo. of nîth II sister ○ 2. girl (in her teens, approaching the adult) ◇ VT/47:14-16,33, VT/48:6 ◈ nethig S. [nˈɛθig] n. f. dim. of neth II, 1. "litte sister" ○ 2. Biol. ring finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children) ◇ VT/47:14, VT/47:38-39, VT/48:6,17 ◈ First given in the manuscript as netheg in VT/47:14-15, but see especially VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion ◈ nîth II S. [nˈiːθ] n. f. sister ◇ VT/47:14 ◈ thêl N. [θˈɛːl] pl. thelei N. n. f. sister ◇ Ety/392