| АBefore the 1400s. books had to be copied by hand, which was a laborious and time-consuming method. Books were rare, and only wealthy people or scholars had access to them or could even learn how to read. Johannes Gutenberg's invention of movable metal type in the 1440s changed all that: books could be reproduced much faster and much less expensively than ever before. Consequently, more people were able to obtain books and to learn about new ideas and practices. This, in turn, caused them to question age-old traditions and to yearn for change.
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| BGerman printers quickly adopted Gutenberg's invention and set up similar printing presses in other European countries. In less than 50 years after Gutenberg produced his first book, almost 20 million books had been printed in Europe.
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| CThe German religious reformer Martin Luther was one of the first authors to reap the benefit of this new technology. Since his books could be reproduced inexpensively and in large quantities, they could be easily obtained throughout Europe shortly after Luther completed them. Thus, Martin Luther was able to spread his religious ideas and call for reformation quickly throughout Europe, gaining widespread support for them before the Catholic Church could even formulate a proper response.
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1) В каком абзаце текста (A-C) рассказывается о:
1. Мартине Лютере?
2. широкой поддержке новых идей?
3. новом приобретении?
4. о пользе и выгоде нового изобретения?
5. о распространении новой технологии?
Найдите в тексте слова сходные по значению с данными ниже.
1. hard, difficult –
2. profit, advantage –
3. rich –
4. same –
5. to finish –
6. to get –
Сопоставьте предлоги и существительные так, чтобы получить 5 выражений, употребляя каждое слово только раз.
| Preposition
| Noun
|
| 1. by
2. in
3. for
4. throughout
5. before
| A__church
B__change
C__hand
D__turn
E__country
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Вставьте пропущенное слово согласно информации, данной в тексте.
1. Copying books by hand was a _____ and time-consuming method.
2. German printers quickly adopted Gutenberg's __________.
3. Martin Luther reaped ________ of the new technology.
4. Martin Luther’s books could be reproduced ______________ and in large quantities.
5. With the new invention Martin Luther _______ his religious ideas quickly throughout Europe.
Найдите в тексте необходимую информацию и дайте ответы на вопросы, приведенные ниже.
1. Why only scholars and wealthy people could obtain books before Gutenberg’s invention?
2. How many books were printed in first 50 years after Gutenberg’s invention?
3. What is Martin Luther famous for?
4. How did Martin Luther benefit from Gutenberg’s invention?
5. How can people spread their ideas nowadays?
