Characterize individual kinds of shift and give examples

Tasks and exercises

1. Read and compare the following pairs of sentences. Comment on the differences. Characterize the types of shift (e.g. linguistic/constitutional, socio-cultural, individual, positive, negative shifts)?

1. You need a break, a change. You're getting stale here. (D. Lodge) Potrebuješ oddych, zmмnu. Tu obrostá š machom. (O.Korнnek)

2. She just barge in. About seconds after I spoke to you. I just thought I'd give you a ring while she's in the john. (J.D. Salinger)

Prá vм dofrč ala. Ledva desaќ sekund po tom, č o som s tebou hovoril. Ziš lo mi na um, ž e ti zavolá m, ký m je na zá chode. (J. Kot)

3. „First - I mean this, now, get in bed and relax. Make yourself a nice, big nightcap, and get under the -" " Night cap! Are you kidding? Christ, I've killed about a quart in the last two goddam hours. Night cap! I'm plastered now I can hardly -" (J.D. Salinger)

„Po prvй - myslнm to smrtel'ne vá ž nй - I'ahni si do postele a upokoj sa. Daj si pohá rik a choп pod - " „Eš te pohá rik? Zartuješ? Kristepane č loveč e, za poslednм dve hodiny som vylogal ftaš u. Som taký dobitý, ž e ledva vlá dzem - " (J. Kot)

4. So they were eating in their rooms before partially open French windows that gave onto a balcony and a view of a portion of the English Channel and Chesil Beach wit itsinfinite shingle. (I. McEwan)

A tak več erali vo svojom apartmá ne pri otvorený ch francъzskych okná ch, ktorй viedli na balkуn s vý hladom na Lamanš ský prieliv a Chesilskъ plá ž posiatu drobný mi kamienkami. (K. Karovič ová)

5. They were careful to stay out of sight until they reached the road, then quickened their pace eager to distance themselves from Carvahall. (C. Paoliny)

Drž ali sa z dohl'adu, ký m sa nedostali na hradskъ. Tam pridali do kroku, aby bolн č нm skуr пalej od Carvallu. (Z.Buntová)

6....even Raymond was surprised when he was invited to represent the department as guest of honour at the annual CB1 dinner. (J. Archer)...I Raymond bol prekvapený, keп ho povмrili, aby reprezentoval ministerstvo na vý roč nom bankete Konfederá cie britskйho priemyslu. (J. Galata)

7. There had been distractions - Claire, moving out, learning the ropes of a new career but the case against River Oaks and my old firm was never far from my mind. (J. Grisham)

Moju pozornost' sice roptyl'ovali inй veci - rozchod s Claire, zmena bydliska, nova prá ca, ale na spor s River Oaks a mojou bý valou firmou som myslel neprestajne. (A. Redlingerová)

8. Sandra snorted again. „He's gonna have a nose just like the father." She raised her cup and drank from it without difficulty. " I don't know what they wanna stay up here all October for"; she said malcontentedly, lowered her cup. „I mean none of ´ em even go anywheres near the water now. She don't go in, the kid don't go in. Nobody goes in. (J.D. Salinger)

Sandra znova vyprskla. „Bude maќ just taký frniak ako jeho otec." Zdvihla svoju š á lku a bez ќaž kosti si z nej uchlipla. „ Nechá pem, preč o tu chcъ trč aќ celý oktуber", povedala nespokojne a polož ila š á lku. „ Veп už sa k vode ani nepribliž ia. Ona do nej nevkroč н, len fagan do nej nevkroč н. Teraz sa už nik nekъpe ". (J. Kot)