Список наиболее употребительных знаков

 

+ plus [plᴧ s] – плюс;

- minus [´ maɪ nә s] – минус;

± plus or minus – плюс минус;

× multiply [´ mᴧ ltɪ plaɪ ] – умножать;

: or / divide [dɪ ´ vaɪ d] – делить;

= is equal [´ ɪ: kwә l] to – равняется;

¹ does not equal – не равно;

is approximately [ә ´ prɔ ksɪ mɪ tlɪ ] equal – to приблизительно равный;

~ is similar [´ sɪ mɪ lә ] to – подобен;

> is greater than – больше чем;

< is less than – меньше чем;

£ is less or equal to – меньше или равно;

³ is greater or equal to – больше или равно;

® approaches [ә ´ prout∫ ɪ z] – приближается;

¥ infinity [ɪ n´ finɪ tɪ ] – бесконечность;

Ð angle [´ æ ŋ gl] – угол;

^ is perpendicular [pә: pә n´ dɪ kjulә ] to – перпендикулярный к;

() parenthesis [pә ´ renθ ɪ sɪ s] – круглые скобки;

[ ] brackets [´ bræ kɪ ts] – прямоугольные скобки;

{ } braces [´ breɪ sɪ z] – фигурные скобки;

radical sign [´ ræ dɪ kә l ´ saɪ n] – знак радикала;

square root of a [skw ә ΄ ru: tә vә ] – квадратный корень из а;

cubic root of a [΄ kju: bɪ k΄ ru: tә vә ] – корень кубичный из а;

ò integral sing [΄ ɪ ntɪ grә l΄ sain] – знак интеграла;

ò ò double [dᴧ bl] integral – двойной интеграл;

integral between the limit a and b – определенный интеграл от a до b;

ab a times b, a multiplied b – а умноженное на b;

a/b the ratio [΄ reɪ ∫ ɪ ou] of a to b, a divided [dɪ ΄ vaɪ dɪ d] by b – отношение а к b;

proportion [prә ΄ pɔ: ∫ ә n]: a is to b as c is to d – пропорция: а относится b

также как с относится к d;

а the n-th power [΄ pauә ] of a – a в степени n;

a square [skw ә ] a;

a a cubed [kjubd];

a a to the fifth;

a the reciprocal [rɪ ΄ sɪ prә kә l] to а ;

log a a common logarithm [ә ΄ kɔ mә n ΄ lɔ grɪ θ m] of a;

log a logarithm of a to the base 10;

ln a natural [΄ næ t∫ rә l] logarithm of a;

F(x), f(x) function [΄ fᴧ ŋ k∫ ә n] of x – функция от х;

a¢ a prime, a dash [dæ ∫ ];

a² a second prime, a double prime, a double dashed;

a a sub n, a subscribed [sᴧ b΄ skraɪ bd] n;

sin A sine [saɪ n] of A – синус А;

cos A consine [kә n΄ saɪ n] of A косинус А;

tan A tangent [΄ tæ ndʒ ә nt] of A – тангенс А;

cot A (or ctn A) contangent [kә n΄ tæ ndʒ ә nt] of A котангенс А;

sec A secant [΄ si: kә nt] of A – секанс А;

сosec A ore csc A cosecant [kou΄ sɪ: kә nt] of A – косеканс А;

x increment [΄ ɪ nkrɪ mә nt] of x – приращение от х;

summation [sᴧ ΄ meɪ ∫ ә n] of , sum of ;

sum of between the limits i is equal [΄ ɪ: kwә l] to 1 and n – сумма

от i=1 до n;

dx differential [ֽ dɪ fe΄ ren∫ ә l] of x – дифференциал х;

the derivative [dɪ ΄ rɪ vә tɪ v] of y (or f(x) – function of x) respect

[rɪ s΄ pekt] to x – производная у по х;

the second derivative of x with respect to y – вторая производная х по у;

n-th derivative of y with respect to x – n-я производная у по х;

partial [΄ pa: ∫ ә l] derivative of y with respect to x – частная производная у по х;

n-th partial derivative of y with respect to x – n-я частная производная у по х;

– del – оператор набла;

 

Arithmetic [ ә ΄ rɪ θ mә tik] – арифметика

addition [ә ΄ dɪ ∫ ә n] 12+13=25 twelve [twelv] plus [plᴧ s] thirteen [΄ θ ә: tɪ: n] is (maskes [ma: sks] equals [΄ ɪ: kwә l]) twenty five, addend [΄ æ dend] – слагаемое,

sum [sᴧ m] – сумма;

subtraction [sә b΄ træ k∫ ә n] 71-24=47 seventy one minus twenty four is (equals) forty seven, minuend [΄ mɪ njuә nd] – уменьшаемое, subtrahend [sә b΄ trә hend] – вычитаемое, remainder [rɪ ΄ meɪ ndә ], difference [΄ dɪ frә ns] – разность;

multiplication [mᴧ ltɪ plɪ ΄ kә ɪ ∫ ә n] 8x6=48 six times eight is forty eight, multiplicand – множимое, multiplier (factor) – множитель, product – произведение;

division [dɪ ʒ ɪ ΄ vɪ ә n] 90: 9=10 ninety divided by nine is ten, dividend – делимое, divisor [dɪ ΄ vaɪ ʒ ә ] – делитель, quotient [΄ kwou∫ ә nt] – частное;

 

Fractions [ ΄ fræ k∫ ә nz] – дроби

common fractions: a half (one second), a quarter (one forth), three seventh;

proper fractions: , 2 – numerator [΄ nju: mә reɪ tә ], 3 – denominator [dɪ ΄ nә mɪ neɪ tә ];

improper fractions: 5 – numerator, 3 – denominator;

mixed number: 7 , 9 – common denominator;

decimal fractions – десятичная дробь: 0.4 nought point four, 0.06 nought point nought six,.2 point two (period two, two tenth,.37 point thirty

seven (period two, two tenth); 652.47 six hundred fifty-two point forty seven;