В пробирку внести несколько кристаллов нитрата меди Cu(NO3)2∙ ЗН2О. Закрепить пробирку в штативе и осторожно нагревать, наблюдая изменение цвета кристаллов и цвета выделяющегося газа. Написать уравнение реакции разложения нитрата меди (II), учитывая окраску возможных продуктов реакции: безводный Cu(NO3)2 – белый; Cu(NO2)2 – не существует; СuО – черный; Сu – красный; N2, NO и О2 – бесцветные газы; NO2 – бурый газ. Указать окислитель и восстановитель в молекуле нитрата меди (II).
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ
Приложение А
Плотность водных растворов соляной, азотной и серной кислот
(г/см3) при 20 оС
| Плотность
| HCl
%
| HNO3
%
| H2SO4
%
| Плотность
| HCl
%
| HNO3
%
| H2SO4
%
|
| 1.000
| 0.36
| 0.33
| 0.26
| 1.180
| 36.23
| 30.00
| 25.21
|
| 1.005
| 1.36
| 1.26
| 0.99
| 1.185
| 37.27
| 30.74
| 25.84
|
| 1.010
| 2.36
| 2.16
| 1.73
| 1.190
| 38.32
| 31.47
| 26.47
|
| 1.015
| 3.37
| 3.07
| 2.49
| 1.195
| 39.37
| 32.21
| 27.10
|
| 1.020
| 4.39
| 3.98
| 3.24
| 1.200
|
| 32.94
| 27.72
|
| 1.025
| 5.41
| 4.88
| 4.00
| 1.205
|
| 33.68
| 28.33
|
| 1.030
| 6.43
| 5.78
| 4.74
| 1.210
|
| 34.41
| 28.95
|
| 1.035
| 7.46
| 6.66
| 5.49
| 1.215
|
| 35.16
| 29.57
|
| 1.040
| 8.49
| 7.53
| 6.24
| 1.220
|
| 35.93
| 30.18
|
| 1.045
| 9.51
| 8.40
| 6.96
| 1.225
|
| 36.70
| 30.79
|
| 1.050
| 10.52
| 9.26
| 7.70
| 1.230
|
| 37.48
| 31.40
|
| 1.055
| 11.52
| 10.12
| 8.42
| 1.235
|
| 38.25
| 32.01
|
| 1.060
| 12.51
| 10.97
| 9.13
| 1.240
|
| 39.02
| 32.61
|
| 1.065
| 13.50
| 11.81
| 9.84
| 1.245
|
| 39.80
| 33.22
|
| 1.070
| 14.50
| 12.65
| 10.56
| 1.250
|
| 40.58
| 33.82
|
| 1.075
| 15.49
| 13.48
| 11.26
| 1.255
|
| 41.36
| 34.42
|
| 1.080
| 16.47
| 14.31
| 11.96
| 1.260
|
| 42.14
| 35.01
|
| 1.085
| 17.45
| 15.13
| 12.06
| 1.265
|
| 42.92
| 35.60
|
| 1.090
| 18.43
| 15.95
| 13.36
| 1.270
|
| 43.70
| 36.19
|
| 1.095
| 19.41
| 16.76
| 14.04
| 1.275
|
| 44.80
| 36.78
|
| 1.100
| 20.39
| 17.58
| 14.73
| 1.280
|
| 45.27
| 37.36
|
| 1.105
| 21.36
| 18.39
| 15.41
| 1.285
|
| 46.06
| 37.95
|
| 1.110
| 22.33
| 19.19
| 16.08
| 1.290
|
| 46.85
| 38.53
|
| 1.115
| 23.29
| 20.00
| 16.76
| 1.295
|
| 47.63
| 39.10
|
| 1.120
| 24.25
| 20.79
| 17.43
| 1.300
|
| 48.42
| 39.68
|
| 1.125
| 25.22
| 21.59
| 18.09
| 1.305
|
| 49.21
| 40.25
|
| 1.130
| 26.20
| 22.38
| 18.76
| 1.310
|
| 50.00
| 40.82
|
| 1.135
| 27.18
| 23.16
| 19.42
| 1.315
|
| 50.85
| 41.39
|
| 1.140
| 28.18
| 23.94
| 20.08
| 1.320
|
| 51.71
| 41.95
|
| 1.145
| 29.17
| 24.71
| 20.73
| 1.325
|
| 52.56
| 42.51
|
| 1.150
| 30.14
| 25.48
| 21.38
| 1.330
|
| 53.41
| 43.07
|
| 1.155
| 31.14
| 26.24
| 22.03
| 1.335
|
| 54.27
| 43.62
|
| 1.160
| 32.14
| 27.00
| 22.67
| 1.340
|
| 55.13
| 44.17
|
| 1.165
| 33.16
| 27.76
| 23.31
| 1.345
|
| 56.04
| 44.72
|
| 1.170
| 34.18
| 28.51
| 23.95
| 1.350
|
| 56.95
| 45.26
|
| 1.175
| 35.20
| 29.25
| 24.58
| 1.355
|
| 57.87
| 45.80
|
Окончание прил. А
| Плотность
| HNO3
%
| H2SO4
%
| Плотность
| H2SO4
%
| Плотность
| H2SO4
%77.20
|
| 1.360
| 58.78
| 46.33
| 1.550
| 64.71
| 1.740
| 81.16
|
| 1.365
| 59.69
| 46.86
| 1.555
| 65.15
| 1.745
| 81.62
|
| 1.370
| 60.67
| 47.39
| 1.560
| 65.59
| 1.750
| 82.09
|
| 1.375
| 61.69
| 47.92
| 1.565
| 66.03
| 1.755
| 82.57
|
| 1.380
| 62.70
| 48.45
| 1.570
| 66.47
| 1.760
| 83.06
|
| 1.385
| 63.72
| 48.97
| 1.575
| 66.91
| 1.765
| 83.57
|
| 1.390
| 64.74
| 49.48
| 1.580
| 67.35
| 1.770
| 84.08
|
| 1.395
| 65.84
| 49.99
| 1.585
| 67.79
| 1.775
| 84.61
|
| 1.400
| 66.97
| 50.50
| 1.590
| 68.23
| 1.780
| 85.16
|
| 1.405
| 68.10
| 51.01
| 1.595
| 68.66
| 1.785
| 85.74
|
| 1.410
| 69.23
| 51.52
| 1.600
| 69.09
| 1.790
| 86.35
|
| 1.415
| 70.39
| 52.02
| 1.605
| 69.53
| 1.795
| 86.99
|
| 1.420
| 71.63
| 52.51
| 1.610
| 69.96
| 1.800
| 87.69
|
| 1.425
| 72.86
| 53.01
| 1.615
| 70.39
| 1.805
| 88.43
|
| 1.430
| 74.09
| 53.50
| 1.620
|
| 1.810
| 89.23
|
| 1.435
| 75.35
| 54.00
| 1.625
| 71.25
| 1.815
| 90.12
|
| 1.440
| 76.71
| 54.49
| 1.630
| 71.67
| 1.820
| 91.11
|
| 1.445
| 78.07
| 54.97
| 1.635
| 72.09
| 1.825
| 92.25
|
| 1.450
| 79.43
| 55.45
| 1.640
| 72.52
| 1.826
| 92.51
|
| 1.455
| 80.88
| 55.93
| 1.645
| 72.95
| 1.827
| 92.77
|
| 1.460
| 82.39
| 56.41
| 1.650
| 73.37
| 1.828
| 93.03
|
| 1.465
| 83.91
| 56.89
| 1.655
| 73.80
| 1.829
| 93.33
|
| 1.470
| 85.50
| 57.36
| 1.660
| 74.22
| 1.830
| 93.64
|
| 1.475
| 87.29
| 57.84
| 1.665
| 74.64
| 1.831
| 93.94
|
| 1.480
| 89.07
| 58.31
| 1.670
| 75.07
| 1.832
| 94.32
|
| 1.485
| 91.13
| 58.78
| 1.675
| 75.49
| 1.833
| 94.72
|
| 1.490
| 93.49
| 59.24
| 1.680
| 75.92
| 1.834
| 95.12
|
| 1.495
| 95.46
| 59.70
| 1.685
| 76.34
| 1.835
| 95.72
|
| 1.500
| 96.73
| 60.17
| 1.690
| 76.77
|
|
|
| 1.505
| 97.99
| 60.62
| 1.695
| 77.20
|
|
|
| 1.510
| 99.26
| 61.08
| 1.700
| 77.63
|
|
|
| 1.515
|
| 61.54
| 1.705
| 78.06
|
|
|
| 1.520
|
| 62.00
| 1.710
| 78.49
|
|
|
| 1.525
|
| 62.45
| 1.715
| 78.93
|
|
|
| 1.530
|
| 62.91
| 1.720
| 79.37
|
|
|
| 1.535
|
| 63.36
| 1.725
| 79.81
|
|
|
| 1.540
|
| 63.81
| 1.730
| 80.25
|
|
|
| 1.545
|
| 64.26
| 1.735
| 80.70
|
|
|
Приложение Б
Плотность водных растворов KOH и NaOH (г/см3) при 20 оС
| Плот– ность
| KOH, %
| NaOH, %
| Плот–ность
| KOH, %
| NaOH, %
|
| 1.000
| 0.197
| 0.159
| 1.270
| 28.29
| 24.645
|
| 1.010
| 1.295
| 1.045
| 1.280
| 29.25
| 25.56
|
| 1.020
| 2.38
| 1.94
| 1.290
| 30.21
| 26.48
|
| 1.030
| 3.48
| 2.84
| 1.300
| 31.15
| 27.41
|
| 1.040
| 4.58
| 3.745
| 1.310
| 32.09
| 28.33
|
| 1.050
| 5.66
| 4.655
| 1.320
| 33.03
| 29.26
|
| 1.060
| 6.74
| 5.56
| 1.330
| 33.97
| 30.20
|
| 1.070
| 7.82
| 6.47
| 1.340
| 34.90
| 31.14
|
| 1.080
| 8.89
| 7.37
| 1.350
| 35.82
| 32.10
|
| 1.090
| 9.96
| 6.28
| 1.360
| 36.735
| 33.06
|
| 1.100
| 11.03
| 9.19
| 1.370
| 37.65
| 34.03
|
| 1.110
| 12.08
| 10.10
| 1.380
| 38.56
| 35.01
|
| 1.120
| 13.14
| 11.01
| 1.390
| 39.46
| 36.00
|
| 1.130
| 14.19
| 11.92
| 1.400
| 40.37
| 36.99
|
| 1.140
| 15.22
| 12.83
| 1.410
| 41.26
| 37.99
|
| 1.150
| 16.26
| 13.73
| 1.420
| 42.158
| 38.99
|
| 1.160
| 17.29
| 14.64
| 1.430
| 43.04
| 40.00
|
| 1.170
| 18.32
| 15.54
| 1.440
| 43.92
| 41.03
|
| 1.180
| 19.35
| 16.44
| 1.450
| 44.79
| 42.07
|
| 1.190
| 20.37
| 17.345
| 1.460
| 45.66
| 43.12
|
| 1.200
| 21.38
| 16.255
| 1.470
| 46.53
| 44.17
|
| 1.210
| 22.38
| 19.16
| 1.480
| 47.39
| 45.22
|
| 1.220
| 23.38
| 20.07
| 1.490
| 48.25
| 46.27
|
| 1.230
| 24.37
| 20.98
| 1.500
| 49.10
| 47.33
|
| 1.240
| 25.36
| 21.90
| 1.510
| 49.95
| 48.38
|
| 1.250
| 26.34
| 22.82
| 1.520
| 50.80
| 49.44
|
| 1.260
| 27.32
| 23.73
| 1.530
| 51.64
| 50.50
|
Приложение В
Плотность водных растворов хлорида бария (г/см3) при 20 оС
| Концентрация,
%
| ВаCl2
| Концентрация,
%
| ВаCl2
|
|
| 1, 016
|
| 1, 113
|
|
| 1, 034
|
| 1, 134
|
|
| 1, 053
|
| 1, 156
|
|
| 1, 072
|
| 1, 179
|
|
| 1, 092
|
| 1, 203
|
| | | | | |
Приложение Г
Плотность водных растворов аммиака (г/см3) при 20 оС
| Плотность
| NH3, %
| Плотность
| NH3, %
| Плотность
| NH3, %
|
| 0.998
| 0.46
| 0.958
| 9.87
| 0.918
| 21.50
|
| 0.996
| 0.512
| 0.9506
| 10.405
| 0.916
| 22.125
|
| 0.994
| 0.977
| 0.954
| 10.95
| 0.914
| 22.75
|
| 0.992
| 1.43
| 0.952
| 11.49
| 0.912
| 23.39
|
| 0.990
| 1.89
| 0.950
| 12.03
| 0.910
| 24.03
|
| 0.988
| 2.35
| 0.948
| 12.58
| 0.908
| 24.68
|
| 0.986
| 2.82
| 0.946
| 13.14
| 0.906
| 25.33
|
| 0.984
| 3.30
| 0.944
| 13.71
| 0.904
| 26.00
|
| 0.982
| 3.78
| 0.942
| 14.29
| 0.902
| 26.67
|
| 0.980
| 4.27
| 0.940
| 14.88
| 0.900
| 27.33
|
| 0.978
| 4.76
| 0.938
| 15.47
| 0.898
| 28.00
|
| 0.976
| 5.25
| 0.936
| 16.06
| 0.896
| 28.67
|
| 0.974
| 5.75
| 0.934
| 16.65
| 0.894
| 29.33
|
| 0.972
| 6.25
| 0.932
| 17.24
| 0.892
| 30.00
|
| 0.970
| 6.75
| 0.930
| 17.85
| 0.890
| 30.685
|
| 0.968
| 7.26
| 0.928
| 18.45
| 0.888
| 31.37
|
| 0.966
| 7.76
| 0.926
| 19.06
| 0.886
| 32.09
|
| 0.964
| 8.29
| 0.924
| 19.67
| 0.884
| 32.84
|
| 0.962
| 8.82
| 0.922
| 20.27
| 0.882
| 33.595
|
| 0.960
| 9.34
| 0.920
| 20.88
| 0.880
| 34.35
|
Приложение Д
Плотность водных растворов карбоната натрия (г/см3) при 20 оС
| Плотность
| Na2CO3, %
| Плотность
| Na2CO3, %
| Плотность
| Na2CO3, %
|
| 1.000
| 0.19
| 1.065
| 6.43
| 1.130
| 12.52
|
| 1.005
| 0.67
| 1.070
| 6.90
| 1.135
| 13.00
|
| 1.010
| 1.14
| 1.075
| 7.38
| 1.140
| 13.45
|
| 1.015
| 1.62
| 1.080
| 7.85
| 1.145
| 13.90
|
| 1.020
| 2.10
| 1.085
| 8.33
| 1.150
| 14.35
|
| 1.025
| 2.57
| 1.090
| 8.80
| 1.155
| 14.75
|
| 1.030
| 3.05
| 1.095
| 9.27
| 1.160
| 15.20
|
| 1.035
| 3.54
| 1.100
| 9.75
| 1.165
| 15.60
|
| 1.040
| 4.03
| 1.105
| 10.22
| 1.170
| 16.03
|
| 1.045
| 4.50
| 1.110
| 10.68
| 1.175
| 16.45
|
| 1.050
| 4.98
| 1.115
| 11.14
| 1.180
| 16.87
|
| 1.055
| 5.47
| 1.120
| 11.60
| 1.185
| 17.30
|
| 1.060
| 5.95
| 1.125
| 12.05
| 1.190
| 17.70
|
Приложение Е
Плотность водных растворов хлоридов калия и натрия (г/см3) при 20 оС
| Концентрация,
%
| KCl
| NaCl
| Концентрация,
%
| KCl
| NaCl
|
|
| 1.004
| 1.005
|
| 1.063
| 1.071
|
|
| 1.011
| 1.012
|
| 1.077
| 1.086
|
|
| 1.017
| 1.020
|
| 1.090
| 1.101
|
|
| 1.024
| 1.027
|
| 1.104
| 1.116
|
|
| 1.030
| 1.034
|
| 1.118
| 1.132
|
|
| 1.037
| 1.041
|
| 1.133
| 1.148
|
|
| 1.043
| 1.049
|
| 1.147
| 1.164
|
|
| 1.050
| 1.056
|
| 1.162
| 1.180
|
|
| 1.057
| 1.063
|
|
| 1.197
|
Приложение Ж
Константы диссоциации важнейших кислот и оснований
| Название
| Формула
| Ккисл
| рКкисл
|
| Кислоты
|
| Азотистая
| HNO2
| 4∙ 10-4
| 4.59
|
| Борная (орто-) К1
| H3BO3
| 5.8∙ 10-10
| 9.24
|
| Бромноватистая кислота
| HOBr
| 2, 1∙ 10-9
| 8, 68
|
| Водорода пероксид
| Н2О2
| 2, 6∙ 10-12
| 11, 58
|
| Ванадиевая(орто-) К1
| H2VO4
| 2.5∙ 10-9
| 8.60
|
| К2
|
| 1.1∙ 10-9
| 8.95
|
| Вольфрамовая
| H2WO4
| 4.0∙ 10-15
| 14.4
|
| Двухромовая К2
| H2Cr2O7
| 6.3∙ 10-5
| 4.2
|
| Иодноватистая
| HIO
| 2.3∙ 10-2
| 1.64
|
| Кремниевая (орто-) К1
| H2SiO3
| 2.2∙ 10-10
| 9.66
|
| К2
|
| 1.6∙ 10-12
| 11.8
|
| Муравьиная
| HCOOH
| 1.8∙ 10-4
| 3.75
|
| Селенистая К1
| H2SeO3
| 3.5∙ 10-3
| 2, 46
|
| К2
|
| 5∙ 10-8
| 7.3
|
| Селеноводород К1
| H2Se
| 1, 7∙ 10-4
| 3, 77
|
| К2
|
| 1∙ 10-11
| 11.0
|
| Сернистая К1
| H2SO3
| 1.6∙ 10-2
| 1.80
|
| К2
|
| 6.3∙ 10-8
| 7.21
|
| Сероводородная К1
| H2S
| 6∙ 10-8
| 7.22
|
| К2
|
| 1∙ 10-14
|
|
| Синильная
| HCN
| 7.9∙ 10-10
| 9.10
|
Окончание прил. Ж
| Угольная К1
| Н2СО3
| 4.5∙ 10-7
| 6.35
|
| К2
|
| 4.7∙ 10-11
| 10.33
|
| Уксусная
| CH3COOH
| 1.8∙ 10-5
| 4.75
|
| Фосфорная (орто-) К1
| H3PO4
| 7.5∙ 10-3
| 2.12
|
| К2
|
| 6.3∙ 10-8
| 7.20
|
| К3
|
| 1.3∙ 10-12
| 11.89
|
| Фтороводородная
| HF
| 6.6∙ 10-4
| 3.18
|
| Хлорноватистая
| HClO
| 5.0∙ 10-8
| 7.30
|
| Щавелевая К1
К2
| H2C2O4
| 5.6∙ 10-2
5.4∙ 10-5
| 1.25
4.27
|
| Основания
|
| Аммония гидроксид
| NH4OН
| 1.76∙ 10-5
| 4.755
|
| Бария гидроксид К2
| Ba(OH)2
| 2.3∙ 10-1
| 0.64
|
| Кальция гидроксид К2
| Ca(OH)2
| 4.0∙ 10-2
| 1.40
|
| Лития гидроксид К1
| LiOH
| 6.8∙ 10-1
| 0.17
|
| Свинца гидроксид К1
| Pb(OH)2
| 9.55∙ 10-4
| 3.02
|
| К2
|
| 3.0∙ 10-8
| 7.52
|
Приложение И
Стандартные окислительно-восстановительные потенциалы
(по отношению к потенциалу стандартного водородного электрода при 250С)
| Окисленная
форма
| Число принятых электронов
| Восстановленная
форма
| Ео, В
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Li+
|
| Li
| -3.045
|
| Rb+
|
| Rb
| -2.925
|
| K+
|
| K
| -2.925
|
| Cs+
|
| Cs
| -2.923
|
| Ba2+
|
| Ba
| -2.900
|
| Sr2+
|
| Sr
| -2.890
|
| Ca2+
|
| Ca
| -2.870
|
| Na2+
|
| Na
| -2.714
|
| La3+
|
| La
| -2.522
|
| Mg2+
|
| Mg
| -2.370
|
| AlO-2+2H2O
|
| Al+4OH-
| -2.350
|
| Be2+
|
| Be
| -1.847
|
| Al3+
|
| Al
| -1.662
|
| Zn+2H2O
|
| Zn+4OH-
| -1.216
|
Продолжение прил. И
|
|
|
|
|
| Mn2+
|
| Mn
| -1.180
|
| SO42-+2H2O
|
| SO32-+ 2OH-
| -0.930
|
| 2H2O
|
| H2 + 2OH-
| -0.828
|
| Zn 2+
|
| Zn
| -0.763
|
| Cr 3+
|
| Cr
| -0.744
|
| Fe 2+
|
| Fe
| -0.440
|
| 2H +
|
| H2
| -0.414
|
| Cd 2+
|
| Cd
| -0.403
|
| Ti 3+
|
| Ti 2+
| -0.370
|
| PbSO4
|
| Pb + SO42-
| -0.356
|
| In 3+
|
| In
| -0.343
|
| Tl +
|
| Tl
| -0.336
|
Co 2+ 
|
| Co
| -0.277
|
| Ni 2+
|
| Ni
| -0.250
|
| Sn 2+
|
| Sn
| -0.136
|
| CrO42-+4H2O
|
| Cr(OH)3+ 5OH-
| -0.130
|
| Pb2+
|
| Pb
| -0.126
|
| Fe3+
|
| Fe
| -0.036
|
| 2H+
|
| H2
| 0.000
|
| NO3-+H2O
|
| NO2-+ 2OH-
| +0.010
|
| S+ 2H+
|
| H2S
| +0.141
|
| Sn4+
|
| Sn2+
| +0.150
|
| Cu2+
|
| Cu+
| +0.153
|
| SO42- + 4H+
|
| H2SO3+ H2O
| +0.170
|
| AgCl
|
| Ag + Cl-
| +0.222
|
| 2SO42- + 10H+
|
| S2O32- + 5H2O
| +0.290
|
| ClO3- + H2O
|
| ClO42- + 2OH-
| +0.330
|
| Cu2+
|
| Cu
| +0.337
|
| [Fe(CN)6]3-
|
| [Fe(CN)6]4-
| +0.360
|
| SO42- + 8H+
|
| S + 4H2O
| +0.360
|
| ClO3- + H2O
|
| ClO2- + 2OH-
| +0.360
|
| O2 + 2H2O
|
| 4OH-
| +0.401
|
| H2SO3 + 4H+
|
| S + 3H2O
| +0.450
|
| Cu+
|
| Cu
| +0.521
|
| I2
|
| 2I-
| +0.536
|
| H3AsO4 + 2H+
|
| HAsO2 + 2H2O
| +0.559
|
| MnO32-
|
| MnO42-
| +0.564
|
| Sb2O5 + 6H+
|
| 2SbO+ + 3H2O
| +0.58
|
| MnO4- + 2H2O
|
| MnO2 + 4OH-
| +0.588
|
| MnO42- + 2H2O
|
| MnO2 + 4OH-
| +0.600
|
| ClO2-+ H2O
|
| ClO- + 2OH-
| +0.660
|
Окончание прил. И
|
|
|
|
|
| O2 + 2H+
|
| H2O2
| +0.682
|
| BrO- + H2O
|
| Br- + 2OH-
| +0.760
|
| Fe3+
|
| Fe2+
| +0.771
|
| NO3- + 2H+
|
| NO2 + H2O
| +0.790
|
| Hg2 2+
|
| 2Hg
| +0.798
|
| Ag+
|
| Ag
| +0.799
|
| O2 + 4H+
|
| 2H2O
| +0.815
|
| Hg 2+
|
| Hg
| +0.854
|
| ClO- + H2O
|
| Cl- + 2OH-
| +0.890
|
| NO3- + 3H+
|
| HNO2 + H2O
| +0.940
|
| NO3- + 4H+
|
| NO + 2H2O
| +0.960
|
| HNO2 + H+
|
| NO + H2O
| +1.000
|
| Br2
|
| 2Br-
| +1.065
|
| IO3- + 6H+
|
| I -+ 3H2O
| +1.090
|
| 2IO3- + 12H+
|
| I2 + 6H2O
| +1.195
|
| ClO3- + 2 H+
|
| ClO3- + Br-
| +1.190
|
| MnO2 + 4H+
|
| Mn2+ +2 H2O
| +1.230
|
| Tl 3+
|
| Tl
| +1.250
|
| HBrO + H+
|
| Br - + H2O
| +1.330
|
| Cr2O72- + 14 H+
|
| 2Cr 3+ +7 H2O
| +1.330
|
| Cl2
|
| 2 Cl-
| +1.359
|
| BrO3- + 6H+
|
| Br- + 3H2O
| +1.440
|
| ClO3- + 6 H+
|
| Cl- + 3 H2O
| +1.450
|
| PbO2 + 4H+
|
| Pb2++2 H2O
| +1.456
|
| 2ClO3- + 12H+
|
| Cl2+6 H2O
| +1.470
|
| Au3+
|
| Au
| +1.500
|
| MnO4- +8H+
|
| Mn2+ + 4 H2O
| +1.510
|
| 2 BrO3- + 12H+
|
| Br2+6 H2O
| +1.520
|
| PbO2 +4H+ + SO42-
|
| PbSO4 +2 H2O
| +1.685
|
| MnO4- +4H+
|
| Mn+2 H2O
| +1.695
|
| H2O2 + 2H+
|
| H2O
| +1.776
|
| NaBiO3+ 4H+
|
| BiO+ + Na+ +2H2O
| > +1.8
|
| Co3+
|
| Co 2+
| +1.810
|
| F2
|
| 2F-
| +2.870
|
